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Downloaded from
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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[faint indistinct chatter]

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♪ dramatic music ♪

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♪♪♪♪♪

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[static crackling]

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[man] Today
the United Nations released

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a report on the assassination

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of Washington Post journalist
Jamal Khashoggi,

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and I must warn you
this report

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is the most horrifying thing

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that I've ever had to read
from this chair.

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- It says...
- [woman] On Tuesday,

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Jamal Khashoggi walked
into this Saudi consulate...

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[man] ...and seemed to vanish.

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[man] There is an anxiety

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that he could have been
spirited out of the country.

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[woman] The Saudi government
still offering

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conflicting narratives...

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[Salem] Jamal worked
directly for the royal family

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in different capacities.

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He was a loyal Saudi,

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but how he defined
that loyalty

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over time changed...

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speaking Arabic

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[laughter]

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[Salem]
...as did the kingdom itself.

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[woman] Turkish officials have
audio and video recordings

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that prove
the journalist was...

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[woman] ...strangled
as soon as he entered

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the Saudi consulate.

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[man] ...killed
during a fistfight.

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[woman] ...asphyxiated
with a plastic bag.

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[man] Khashoggi was
tortured, murdered...

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[Wright] Jamal enjoyed access
to princely protection,

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but that protection depended
upon the princes themselves

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having influence.

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[Maloney] He was already
in danger,

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but this was
exponentially more dangerous.

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The Saudi monarchy
operates like the Mafia,

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and you don't cross
the godfather.

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[man] This lays out
in forensic detail

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how they planned to murder
him, to dismember him.

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- [man] ...fingers cut off...
- [man] ...joints separated...

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[woman] You could
hear them laughing.

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We were always doing all this
work for something bigger,

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for country, for king.

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Anybody that tells you
that they know

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every aspect of Jamal's life,
they are 100% lying to you.

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[man] ...calling
for the administration

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to punish Saudi Arabia.

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[man] There's not a smoking
gun; there's a smoking saw.

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[man] This is the worst moment

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in U.S.-Saudi relations
since 9/11.

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[Obaid] I mean,
the moral of the story is...

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the moral of the story
is that there is no moral.

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There is no morality.

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I mean, what is
the morality of this?

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I wouldn't be able
to give you an answer.

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[static crackling]

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[man]
There are reports the CIA

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now has high confidence

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the murder was ordered
by the Saudi crown prince...

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[man] The United States
is condoning the murder

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of a U.S. resident...

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[Trump] Maybe he did.
Maybe he didn't.

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They did not know...

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[woman] Why kill
Jamal Khashoggi?

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♪♪♪♪♪

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[man] Okay, go ahead.

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[woman] Okay, great.

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Are you-are you looking
off camera?

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[man] Yeah, he's looking
off camera.

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[woman] Okay, thanks.
Great.

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How do I describe you?

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Like, what kind of title
should I give you?

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I'm a Saudi journalist, uh,

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self-exiled in Washington.

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[Faris as Khashoggi] I write
for The Washington Post.

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[woman] Okay, and why?
Why did you self-exile?

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[Faris as Khashoggi]
How breathtakingly fast

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you can fall out of favor.

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It is all quite shocking.

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Saudi Arabia is the only
home we know or want,

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yet we are the enemy.

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How did all this change?

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[engine rumbling]

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I was a teenager
in the 1970s

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and grew up in the markets
around the Prophet's Mosque.

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As a Saudi journalist
starting my career,

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I witnessed phenomenal
growth and expansion.

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Scholars and the people were
brimming with expectations.

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And the United States

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was our most important
trading partner,

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importer of Saudi oil

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and our main source
of weapons.

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[Rundell] The Saudi-American
relationship

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started as a commercial
relationship.

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The Saudis were a reservoir
of global energy.

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I was a foreign service
officer for 30 years.

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Basically, everybody
from Jimmy Carter

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to, uh, Barack Obama.

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There's really nobody--

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and I say that perhaps

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somewhat forcefully,
but it's true,

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that there is
no other American

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with my level of experience.

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The American government
really had no relations

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with Saudi Arabia until
what's today Chevron

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went there and began
to drill for oil.

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[Brennan] Administration
after administration,

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in the '50s, '60s, '70s,
'80s, '90s,

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wanted to make sure that
the government, uh, in Riyadh,

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uh, was going to be, uh,
one that was closely aligned

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with the United States.

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I was working
at the CIA in Saudi Arabia

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in the early 1980s.

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It was soon after King Fahd
rose to the throne.

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And during that period

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there was
a significant infusion

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of military support to
the fledging Saudi military.

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We were very concerned
about making sure

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the Saudi monarchy
was going to be stable.

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[indistinct chatter]

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[Wright]
Saudi Arabia is divided

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into the royals
and the nonroyals,

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and the royals own everything.

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You know, it's named
after their family.

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The whole kingdom
is Saudi Arabia,

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ruled by the sons
of King Abdulaziz

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for a hundred years.

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You can get totally lost

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in the Kremlinology
of the Saudi royal family.

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[indistinct chatter]

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But it's a family,
and they govern by consensus.

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There are spats
and there are factions,

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but until recently,

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decisions would be made
by consensus.

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And in the category
of nonroyals,

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Jamal Khashoggi
carried a lot of influence.

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I don't think there was
any place in Saudi Arabia

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that was closed to him.

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It wasn't just
that he was powerful.

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People liked him.

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[helicopter rotors whirring]

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Jamal had
an interesting analysis

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of the problems
of Saudi Arabia.

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We talked
about the schizophrenia

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that so many Saudis
had expressed to me.

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[indistinct chatter]

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It's undemocratic.
It's intolerant.

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It is one step
below a theocracy.

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From the beginning
of our relationship,

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America's had this tie
to this distinctly

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non-American entity

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and has enabled it,
up to this day, to survive.

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[man] speaking Arabic

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[Rundell] To call them
authoritarian

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is true in an absolute sense,

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but really,
most administrations

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who deal with Saudi Arabia
over time

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become aware of the fact
that Saudi Arabia

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is a valuable friend,
a valuable ally,

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and to throw that
under the bus is a bad idea.

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[call to prayer playing
over loudspeakers]

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[Wright] Saudi Arabia
was a part of the world

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that we didn't care about,
except for the oil.

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They can believe
what they want to believe

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as long as they keep pumping.

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But that totally changed

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when the Soviets
invaded Afghanistan

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in December '79.

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[artillery firing]

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[gunfire]

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Afghanistan was
the major Islamic cause

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in Saudi Arabia in the '80s.

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Americans did not want
to appear

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as if they are in direct war
with the Soviet Union,

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so we in Saudi Arabia
and Pakistan

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were doing a cover-up
in the operation,

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which was an open secret.

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Everybody knew about it,

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this Saudi-American-Pakistani
campaign

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to drive the Soviet Union
out of Afghanistan.

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♪♪♪♪♪

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I do not deny
that I had sympathy

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toward the Afghan cause,

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because, uh, I myself come out
from Islamic circles,

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and I still believe
it was a just cause.

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And Saudi Arabia should be
appreciated for that.

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And it was a big story, which,
uh, kind of, uh, made my name

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in the field of journalism.

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[all] chanting in Arabic

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[chanting continues]

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♪♪♪♪♪

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[Faris as Khashoggi]
The Arab News,

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Afghanistan,
May 4, 1988.

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A report by Jamal Khashoggi.

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Muslims are one nation.

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Despite geographical barriers

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and differences
in color and language,

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they consider
themselves brothers.

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As many as 1,000 Arab youths
are here in Afghanistan.

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They are actively involved
in the war.

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Most come
from Saudi Arabia, Egypt,

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Algeria, Morocco.

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The assistant
to the commander

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of the northern Panjshir base
is an Algerian

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named Abdullah Anas.

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♪♪♪♪♪

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[Anas] So you have
to cross seven mountains

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to come from Pakistan.

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Jamal Khashoggi,
I remember,

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we come across with him.

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You are talking
about a journey

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where, uh, could have,
uh, avalanche, snow.

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You could face air strikes.

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You could, uh, face ambushes
from the Soviets.

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But on top of being scared,

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you are more excited

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because you feel
this is a gift

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you are gifted by Allah,

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that you are part
of the mujahideen,

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you are, uh, um...

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finally, you are, uh,
making the history

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with these heroes and these,
uh-uh, brave people.

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So all this makes you
forget that threat,

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forget the-the fear,
forget, uh, everything.

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♪♪♪♪♪

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speaking Arabic

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♪♪♪♪♪

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[artillery firing]

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[Wright]
Jamal went to Afghanistan

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to be a war correspondent.

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He did not have much
of a reputation then,

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but there was
this little group of Arabs

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led by Osama bin Laden,

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who was, at that point,
practically unknown.

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It was a propitious moment
in Jamal's career.

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They got to be friends.

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He was somewhat blinded

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by the charisma

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and-and the-the sense
of history

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that surrounded
this young man.

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♪♪♪♪♪

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[Anas] speaking Arabic

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[Khashoggi] I met Osama
the first time

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00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:06,942
at the end of '87,

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and that's where I took
the first picture of him ever

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to be printed in any media.

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He was the leader or,
as he used to be called,

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the emir of the Arab
mujahideen in Afghanistan.

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[Wright] Osama bin Laden

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became Saudi Arabia's
first celebrity,

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a category that didn't exist
in Saudi Arabia

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until that time,
and I think, to some extent,

257
00:12:28,786 --> 00:12:31,389
Jamal helped him
become that person.

258
00:12:38,277 --> 00:12:39,618
[Bishara] Jamal and I,

259
00:12:39,718 --> 00:12:41,781
I mean, I was actually
an opinion page writer,

260
00:12:41,881 --> 00:12:44,464
so we would meet
every once in a while,

261
00:12:44,564 --> 00:12:46,566
uh, along with other
colleagues.

262
00:12:48,608 --> 00:12:51,992
Jamal was one of those
important sources,

263
00:12:52,092 --> 00:12:53,554
a treasure, I would say.

264
00:12:53,654 --> 00:12:56,317
He was sitting on this
crossroad of relationship

265
00:12:56,417 --> 00:12:59,320
between Saudi Arabia
and the United States

266
00:12:59,420 --> 00:13:02,564
fighting the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.

267
00:13:02,664 --> 00:13:04,686
But of course, we would take
a lot of what he said

268
00:13:04,786 --> 00:13:08,290
with grain of salt
because he was, at the time,

269
00:13:08,390 --> 00:13:10,673
associated with
the Saudi establishment.

270
00:13:13,035 --> 00:13:16,700
There weren't many
Saudi or other journalists

271
00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:20,183
who had access to bin Laden
or to those groups.

272
00:13:20,283 --> 00:13:22,746
These were different times.

273
00:13:22,846 --> 00:13:24,789
The United States
and Saudi Arabia

274
00:13:24,889 --> 00:13:26,751
celebrated radical Islam

275
00:13:26,851 --> 00:13:28,272
as long as radical Islam

276
00:13:28,372 --> 00:13:31,957
was directly
against communism.

277
00:13:32,057 --> 00:13:34,199
[Soufan] I started working
on Osama bin Laden

278
00:13:34,299 --> 00:13:37,443
for the National Security
Division here in New York.

279
00:13:37,543 --> 00:13:39,565
I read Arabic media,

280
00:13:39,665 --> 00:13:42,488
and I knew of Jamal Khashoggi,

281
00:13:42,588 --> 00:13:45,572
and I knew about his...
you know, his-his writings

282
00:13:45,672 --> 00:13:47,674
and his relationship
with the Saudi government.

283
00:13:49,356 --> 00:13:51,418
The Saudis had a lot to gain

284
00:13:51,518 --> 00:13:52,900
from promoting
Osama bin Laden,

285
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,583
and Jamal was part
of that effort.

286
00:13:55,683 --> 00:13:58,346
Afghan jihad made
Osama bin Laden.

287
00:13:58,446 --> 00:13:59,908
But the Saudis were not
doing their own thing

288
00:14:00,008 --> 00:14:01,349
in Afghanistan.

289
00:14:01,449 --> 00:14:03,592
It was a part
of the U.S.'s strategy.

290
00:14:03,692 --> 00:14:06,575
We gave them Stinger missiles,
for heaven's sake.

291
00:14:09,778 --> 00:14:11,520
The Saudis were working
very closely

292
00:14:11,620 --> 00:14:13,322
with the United States.

293
00:14:13,422 --> 00:14:15,084
They used to come and visit
Ronald Reagan

294
00:14:15,184 --> 00:14:16,806
in the White House.

295
00:14:16,906 --> 00:14:20,010
We had recruitment offices
here in the United States.

296
00:14:20,110 --> 00:14:21,612
[laughter]

297
00:14:21,712 --> 00:14:23,454
This is when
the Saudi interests,

298
00:14:23,554 --> 00:14:26,217
our interests,
Osama bin Laden's interests

299
00:14:26,317 --> 00:14:27,538
were all the same:

300
00:14:27,638 --> 00:14:29,861
defeat the Soviets
in Afghanistan.

301
00:14:29,961 --> 00:14:32,844
[applause]

302
00:14:34,926 --> 00:14:36,829
On behalf
of the American people,

303
00:14:36,929 --> 00:14:39,792
I salute Chairman Khalis,

304
00:14:39,892 --> 00:14:41,394
his delegation,

305
00:14:41,494 --> 00:14:44,477
and the people
of Afghanistan themselves.

306
00:14:44,577 --> 00:14:47,000
You are a nation of heroes.
God bless you.

307
00:14:47,100 --> 00:14:48,682
[applause]

308
00:14:48,782 --> 00:14:50,083
[Clarke] During
the Reagan administration,

309
00:14:50,183 --> 00:14:52,326
I was the Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State

310
00:14:52,426 --> 00:14:54,528
for Intelligence,

311
00:14:54,628 --> 00:14:57,451
and we were very much focused
on the war in Afghanistan

312
00:14:57,551 --> 00:14:59,293
on a day-to-day basis, uh,

313
00:14:59,393 --> 00:15:02,617
calculating how many Russian
helicopters had been shot down.

314
00:15:02,717 --> 00:15:03,979
They applauded.

315
00:15:04,079 --> 00:15:05,540
The soldiers
actually applauded.

316
00:15:05,640 --> 00:15:06,982
[Clarke] We followed
the progress

317
00:15:07,082 --> 00:15:08,344
of the mujahideen

318
00:15:08,444 --> 00:15:11,027
in combating
the Soviet troops,

319
00:15:11,127 --> 00:15:14,030
and these were really
mountain people,

320
00:15:14,130 --> 00:15:16,593
Afghan tribal leaders.

321
00:15:16,693 --> 00:15:18,795
And the only thing we really
had in common with them

322
00:15:18,895 --> 00:15:21,398
was, we both wanted
to defeat the Soviets.

323
00:15:21,498 --> 00:15:23,660
We had nothing else in common.

324
00:15:25,462 --> 00:15:26,644
[Wright] For the U.S.,

325
00:15:26,744 --> 00:15:28,926
spreading this kind
of radical Islam

326
00:15:29,026 --> 00:15:30,849
was not seen in those days
as a threat.

327
00:15:30,949 --> 00:15:32,010
It was just a tool.

328
00:15:32,110 --> 00:15:34,172
Thank you very much.

329
00:15:34,272 --> 00:15:37,135
[Wright] No one ever really
thought about the aftermath.

330
00:15:37,235 --> 00:15:39,698
[gunfire]

331
00:15:39,798 --> 00:15:41,540
[Rather] The retreat
of Soviet military power

332
00:15:41,640 --> 00:15:43,222
from Afghanistan is complete.

333
00:15:43,322 --> 00:15:45,865
Fear and uncertainty
were mixed with joy today

334
00:15:45,965 --> 00:15:48,148
as the commander
of Soviet troops

335
00:15:48,248 --> 00:15:50,550
followed the last of his men
across the border,

336
00:15:50,650 --> 00:15:53,514
leaving the communist
Afghan regime alone

337
00:15:53,614 --> 00:15:55,916
to face victorious
resistance fighters.

338
00:15:56,016 --> 00:15:58,880
♪ uneasy music ♪

339
00:15:58,980 --> 00:16:03,865
♪♪♪♪♪

340
00:16:09,471 --> 00:16:11,734
[Anas] Those days,
those years,

341
00:16:11,834 --> 00:16:14,377
it's the heaven of my life.

342
00:16:14,477 --> 00:16:16,940
I will never regret
those days.

343
00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:19,903
♪♪♪♪♪

344
00:16:20,003 --> 00:16:23,907
The mujahideen came to Kabul
in one caravan.

345
00:16:24,007 --> 00:16:26,670
I remember-still remember
seeing Jamal Khashoggi,

346
00:16:26,770 --> 00:16:28,633
"Oh, brother Abdullah."

347
00:16:28,733 --> 00:16:30,234
Jamal also was excited

348
00:16:30,334 --> 00:16:33,238
because this is the moment
he was waiting for, uh,

349
00:16:33,338 --> 00:16:35,340
like the hundreds
of Arabs.

350
00:16:36,461 --> 00:16:38,203
[Khashoggi]
I approved of the war

351
00:16:38,303 --> 00:16:40,646
against the Soviet Union,

352
00:16:40,746 --> 00:16:45,091
but in 1990 and on,
it was not the same.

353
00:16:45,191 --> 00:16:48,815
Al-Qaeda was established
around that time,

354
00:16:48,915 --> 00:16:51,458
and I covered
Osama bin Laden

355
00:16:51,558 --> 00:16:56,103
when he was, uh, part
of, uh, a campaign

356
00:16:56,203 --> 00:16:58,466
which I agreed,

357
00:16:58,566 --> 00:17:01,729
but I saw him change.

358
00:17:03,491 --> 00:17:05,954
Afghanistan had become
so ugly.

359
00:17:06,054 --> 00:17:08,477
Abdullah Anas, a friend,
he said to me once

360
00:17:08,577 --> 00:17:10,639
that he did not like it
very much.

361
00:17:10,739 --> 00:17:11,961
It was full of divisions,

362
00:17:12,061 --> 00:17:15,485
full of envy
and poisonous ideas.

363
00:17:15,585 --> 00:17:17,587
I think he was right.

364
00:17:18,388 --> 00:17:22,853
This happiness slowly,
slowly started to-to transfer

365
00:17:22,953 --> 00:17:24,294
to a nightmare,

366
00:17:24,394 --> 00:17:26,817
to a funeral,

367
00:17:26,917 --> 00:17:31,442
and then the rockets started
coming from everywhere.

368
00:17:33,124 --> 00:17:35,507
So all that dream, gone.

369
00:17:35,607 --> 00:17:39,191
Replaced by civil war.

370
00:17:39,291 --> 00:17:41,153
♪ somber music ♪

371
00:17:41,253 --> 00:17:45,118
[Clarke] If we had
just left Afghanistan alone,

372
00:17:45,218 --> 00:17:47,320
in 20/20 hindsight,

373
00:17:47,420 --> 00:17:50,323
I think things might have been
better, uh, in the long run.

374
00:17:50,423 --> 00:17:52,766
♪♪♪♪♪

375
00:17:52,866 --> 00:17:54,568
[Brennan]
Both within CIA

376
00:17:54,668 --> 00:17:56,130
as well as in
the Saudi government,

377
00:17:56,230 --> 00:17:59,133
there was a sense
of accomplishment.

378
00:17:59,233 --> 00:18:02,697
There were certainly missteps
that had consequences,

379
00:18:02,797 --> 00:18:04,299
uh, negative consequences,
whatever,

380
00:18:04,399 --> 00:18:06,581
but, uh, that's history.

381
00:18:06,681 --> 00:18:08,303
♪♪♪♪♪

382
00:18:08,403 --> 00:18:10,526
[jet engine whooshing]

383
00:18:13,649 --> 00:18:16,733
[crowd screaming]

384
00:18:18,655 --> 00:18:21,778
[sirens wailing]

385
00:18:25,182 --> 00:18:27,184
[horns blaring]

386
00:18:30,348 --> 00:18:33,631
[panicked chatter]

387
00:18:36,074 --> 00:18:39,638
[sirens blaring]

388
00:18:40,479 --> 00:18:43,482
[Faris as Khashoggi] I
collapsed crying a while ago.

389
00:18:44,323 --> 00:18:48,047
Why did 15 of our young men
take part in the attacks?

390
00:18:50,370 --> 00:18:52,893
What can we tell
these boys' mothers?

391
00:18:54,454 --> 00:18:58,219
Will we repeat the lie that
they were martyred for Islam?

392
00:19:01,182 --> 00:19:03,885
I collapsed crying
a while ago,

393
00:19:03,985 --> 00:19:07,449
heartbroken for you, Osama.

394
00:19:07,549 --> 00:19:09,131
You were beautiful and brave

395
00:19:09,231 --> 00:19:13,295
in those beautiful days
in Afghanistan

396
00:19:13,395 --> 00:19:16,999
before you surrendered
to hatred and rage.

397
00:19:19,883 --> 00:19:22,566
What happened
in the last ten years?

398
00:19:27,011 --> 00:19:29,033
We must ensure
that our children

399
00:19:29,133 --> 00:19:32,797
can never be influenced
by extremist ideas,

400
00:19:32,897 --> 00:19:34,959
like those 15 Saudis

401
00:19:35,059 --> 00:19:37,843
who were misled
into hijacking four planes

402
00:19:37,943 --> 00:19:41,206
that fine September day,

403
00:19:41,306 --> 00:19:43,929
piloting them and us

404
00:19:44,029 --> 00:19:48,294
straight into
the jaws of hell.

405
00:19:48,394 --> 00:19:53,560
♪♪♪♪♪

406
00:19:56,683 --> 00:19:58,626
[Clarke]
A lot of us felt rage,

407
00:19:58,726 --> 00:20:00,388
rage against
our own government

408
00:20:00,488 --> 00:20:02,190
that we were part of.

409
00:20:02,290 --> 00:20:04,913
Fifteen of the hijackers
were Saudis,

410
00:20:05,013 --> 00:20:07,195
and the warnings were clear,

411
00:20:07,295 --> 00:20:10,199
but they were ignored
at the highest levels,

412
00:20:10,299 --> 00:20:11,680
uh, repeatedly,

413
00:20:11,780 --> 00:20:12,841
and the price was enormous.

414
00:20:12,941 --> 00:20:16,325
[indistinct chatter]

415
00:20:16,425 --> 00:20:18,428
[gavel banging]

416
00:20:23,433 --> 00:20:25,976
[Kean] Our next witness
is Mr. Richard Clarke,

417
00:20:26,076 --> 00:20:28,098
who served as a former
National Coordinator

418
00:20:28,198 --> 00:20:30,982
for Counterterrorism at
the National Security Council.

419
00:20:31,082 --> 00:20:32,904
[Clarke] I think
the Saudi government knew

420
00:20:33,004 --> 00:20:35,467
that they were at risk
of the American people

421
00:20:35,567 --> 00:20:38,550
and the American Congress
and the American media

422
00:20:38,650 --> 00:20:42,194
going after them, uh, for
having supported, uh, al-Qaeda.

423
00:20:42,294 --> 00:20:46,879
To the loved ones
of the victims of 9/11,

424
00:20:46,979 --> 00:20:49,522
to them who are here
in the room,

425
00:20:49,622 --> 00:20:53,447
to those who are watching
on television,

426
00:20:53,547 --> 00:20:56,890
your government failed you.

427
00:20:56,990 --> 00:21:01,776
Those entrusted with
protecting you failed you.

428
00:21:01,876 --> 00:21:04,939
And I failed you.

429
00:21:05,039 --> 00:21:07,222
[Rhodes] I worked two years
for the Democratic

430
00:21:07,322 --> 00:21:09,785
Vice Chairman
of the 9/11 Commission,

431
00:21:09,885 --> 00:21:12,388
and one of the areas
of research that I did for him

432
00:21:12,488 --> 00:21:14,750
was Saudi Arabia, and...

433
00:21:14,850 --> 00:21:18,514
and, um, you know,

434
00:21:18,614 --> 00:21:20,917
as someone who witnessed 9/11,
who's a New Yorker,

435
00:21:21,017 --> 00:21:22,439
it wasn't just the reality

436
00:21:22,539 --> 00:21:25,722
that 15 of the 19 hijackers
were Saudi

437
00:21:25,822 --> 00:21:28,445
but also that a lot
of the financing for al-Qaeda

438
00:21:28,545 --> 00:21:30,928
came from wealthy
Saudi individuals.

439
00:21:31,028 --> 00:21:33,171
[indistinct chatter]

440
00:21:33,271 --> 00:21:35,774
[Rundell] You gotta remember
that the 3,000 dead Americans

441
00:21:35,874 --> 00:21:37,135
were not the result
of anything

442
00:21:37,235 --> 00:21:39,257
that the Saudi government did.

443
00:21:39,357 --> 00:21:41,860
You could argue
that by supporting

444
00:21:41,960 --> 00:21:43,782
the mujahideen
in the first place,

445
00:21:43,882 --> 00:21:46,986
they had encouraged
this idea of jihad,

446
00:21:47,086 --> 00:21:48,908
and I think
that's-that's fair enough.

447
00:21:49,008 --> 00:21:49,949
So had we.

448
00:21:50,049 --> 00:21:52,913
♪♪♪♪♪

449
00:21:53,013 --> 00:21:55,275
[Wright] I don't know
if Jamal had regrets

450
00:21:55,375 --> 00:21:57,758
about his past life.

451
00:21:57,858 --> 00:22:00,020
He did evolve
away from things.

452
00:22:01,902 --> 00:22:04,445
Jamal looked at bin Laden
with stars in his eyes

453
00:22:04,545 --> 00:22:08,850
when he was young, and then
he became disillusioned.

454
00:22:08,950 --> 00:22:12,775
He began to hate what
bin Laden had become and...

455
00:22:12,875 --> 00:22:16,819
you know, and what he had done
to Saudi society and to Islam.

456
00:22:16,919 --> 00:22:19,822
So he became
a Saudi defender

457
00:22:19,922 --> 00:22:22,305
and a supporter
of the royal family.

458
00:22:22,405 --> 00:22:23,667
[phone rings]

459
00:22:23,767 --> 00:22:26,370
♪ tense music ♪

460
00:22:28,972 --> 00:22:31,375
[bin Laden] speaking Arabic

461
00:22:40,185 --> 00:22:43,228
[Anas] speaking Arabic

462
00:23:08,977 --> 00:23:11,440
[Salem]
Jamal was a loyal Saudi.

463
00:23:11,540 --> 00:23:15,524
And I think how he defined
that loyalty over time

464
00:23:15,624 --> 00:23:17,887
clearly evolved and changed,

465
00:23:17,987 --> 00:23:20,009
as did the kingdom itself.

466
00:23:20,109 --> 00:23:24,314
He may have seen it
as the least bad option.

467
00:23:26,316 --> 00:23:27,938
I met Jamal
when I was working

468
00:23:28,038 --> 00:23:29,820
at the Middle East Institute.

469
00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:31,902
He was like a big teddy bear.

470
00:23:32,002 --> 00:23:33,905
There was just a genuineness.

471
00:23:34,005 --> 00:23:37,549
Always a smile,
even in the worst of times.

472
00:23:37,649 --> 00:23:40,672
He, in many ways,
was like a big brother to me.

473
00:23:40,772 --> 00:23:42,594
That was our relationship.

474
00:23:42,694 --> 00:23:44,196
[all] speaking Arabic

475
00:23:44,296 --> 00:23:47,280
[Salem] At the time,
he worked for the al-Faisals,

476
00:23:47,380 --> 00:23:50,003
who were seen as sort of
the intelligentsia

477
00:23:50,103 --> 00:23:52,425
of the royal family.

478
00:23:53,346 --> 00:23:55,328
[Brennan] The Saudis
were rather reluctant partners

479
00:23:55,428 --> 00:23:56,930
after 9/11,

480
00:23:57,030 --> 00:23:59,253
but Turki al-Faisal
was well-known

481
00:23:59,353 --> 00:24:01,015
for believing strongly
in the importance

482
00:24:01,115 --> 00:24:03,177
of a U.S.-Saudi relationship.

483
00:24:03,277 --> 00:24:06,741
He was my counterpart
in Saudi Arabia in the '90s.

484
00:24:06,841 --> 00:24:08,583
King Fahd was ill and infirm

485
00:24:08,683 --> 00:24:11,146
and not in day-to-day charge
of the government,

486
00:24:11,246 --> 00:24:13,589
and so Turki was determined
to make sure

487
00:24:13,689 --> 00:24:15,991
that that relationship
between Riyadh and Washington

488
00:24:16,091 --> 00:24:18,674
was going to not just
remain strong

489
00:24:18,774 --> 00:24:20,316
but in fact be strengthened.

490
00:24:20,416 --> 00:24:23,860
[applause]

491
00:24:25,422 --> 00:24:27,925
There are those
who would have you believe

492
00:24:28,025 --> 00:24:30,728
that the current wave
of terrorism

493
00:24:30,828 --> 00:24:34,212
springs from
and is or has been

494
00:24:34,312 --> 00:24:36,594
supported by Saudi Arabia.

495
00:24:38,076 --> 00:24:40,138
That is absolutely not true.

496
00:24:40,238 --> 00:24:41,980
[Brennan] After 9/11,
Prince Turki

497
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:44,343
became Saudi ambassador
to London.

498
00:24:44,443 --> 00:24:46,746
Jamal was somebody
who had a good reputation

499
00:24:46,846 --> 00:24:49,388
in the international media,
and I think Turki thought

500
00:24:49,488 --> 00:24:52,792
that Jamal's voice
would be a useful one

501
00:24:52,892 --> 00:24:54,194
in trying to battle

502
00:24:54,294 --> 00:24:58,278
this very broad misimpression

503
00:24:58,378 --> 00:25:00,120
of Saudi Arabia as a whole.

504
00:25:00,220 --> 00:25:03,644
[train whistle blows]

505
00:25:03,744 --> 00:25:06,648
♪ gentle music ♪

506
00:25:06,748 --> 00:25:09,771
♪♪♪♪♪

507
00:25:09,871 --> 00:25:13,335
[Wright] I went to London
and I met with Turki,

508
00:25:13,435 --> 00:25:16,458
and I spent a lot of time
with Jamal there.

509
00:25:16,558 --> 00:25:20,223
He seemed to be
enjoying London.

510
00:25:20,323 --> 00:25:24,027
When you are the spokesperson
for a senior prince,

511
00:25:24,127 --> 00:25:26,129
you're untouchable.

512
00:25:27,851 --> 00:25:29,673
Jamal was useful to Turki

513
00:25:29,773 --> 00:25:33,377
because he had credibility
among reporters, like me.

514
00:25:35,299 --> 00:25:37,202
[Obaid] Jamal and I
worked very closely,

515
00:25:37,302 --> 00:25:40,165
first in London
and then in D.C.

516
00:25:40,265 --> 00:25:42,207
He was older than me,

517
00:25:42,307 --> 00:25:43,649
and so the joke
within the embassy

518
00:25:43,749 --> 00:25:44,850
and within our friends

519
00:25:44,950 --> 00:25:47,173
was that I would call him
Uncle J.

520
00:25:47,273 --> 00:25:49,775
We became quite close.

521
00:25:49,875 --> 00:25:51,537
Mornings would start at 7:30.

522
00:25:51,637 --> 00:25:54,140
We'd be the first one
at the embassy.

523
00:25:54,240 --> 00:25:57,224
After work, we would
usually go have teas.

524
00:25:57,324 --> 00:26:00,668
And in a way, work never
ended at the embassy.

525
00:26:00,768 --> 00:26:02,670
He was always the nice guy
and I was the bad guy.

526
00:26:02,770 --> 00:26:05,473
I was always giving
a hard time to the press,

527
00:26:05,573 --> 00:26:08,276
and it was crisis
after crisis after crisis.

528
00:26:08,376 --> 00:26:10,238
On the contrary, the Saudis
actually have done

529
00:26:10,338 --> 00:26:11,920
a lot behind the scenes,

530
00:26:12,020 --> 00:26:13,121
but more importantly,

531
00:26:13,221 --> 00:26:15,244
you talked about
the American media.

532
00:26:15,344 --> 00:26:16,846
They've been the-they've been
the people

533
00:26:16,946 --> 00:26:18,047
that have been
raising the issue.

534
00:26:18,147 --> 00:26:20,049
The U.S. administration,
the Bush administration

535
00:26:20,149 --> 00:26:21,651
has not at all.

536
00:26:21,751 --> 00:26:22,892
It was very raw.

537
00:26:22,992 --> 00:26:24,814
America was very upset.

538
00:26:24,914 --> 00:26:28,178
We spent a lot of our time
defending the Saudi position

539
00:26:28,278 --> 00:26:30,260
vis-à-vis the attacks
of 9/11.

540
00:26:30,360 --> 00:26:32,022
The U.S. cannot go
accusing people

541
00:26:32,122 --> 00:26:35,306
of financing, uh, terrorism
by merely--

542
00:26:35,406 --> 00:26:40,111
[indistinct] by merely
unfounded intelligence reports.

543
00:26:40,211 --> 00:26:42,594
[Obaid] You had
a Bush administration

544
00:26:42,694 --> 00:26:45,918
that was still very close
to Saudi Arabia.

545
00:26:46,018 --> 00:26:47,279
Somebody asked me
the other day,

546
00:26:47,379 --> 00:26:48,721
was I pleased with the actions
of Saudi Arabia?

547
00:26:48,821 --> 00:26:49,962
I am.

548
00:26:50,062 --> 00:26:51,484
[Obaid]
And that was important,

549
00:26:51,584 --> 00:26:53,927
because without that,
the U.S.-Saudi relationship

550
00:26:54,027 --> 00:26:54,928
could not have continued.

551
00:26:55,028 --> 00:26:59,513
♪♪♪♪♪

552
00:27:04,719 --> 00:27:07,221
It's up to us
to bankrupt the terrorists

553
00:27:07,321 --> 00:27:09,664
and those who finance them
so they will never again

554
00:27:09,764 --> 00:27:12,828
have the resources
to commit such atrocities

555
00:27:12,928 --> 00:27:14,109
against the American people

556
00:27:14,209 --> 00:27:16,712
as we experienced
on September 11th.

557
00:27:16,812 --> 00:27:18,514
[Maloney]
The 9/11 families believe,

558
00:27:18,614 --> 00:27:20,676
and we've alleged formally
in a complaint

559
00:27:20,776 --> 00:27:21,718
filed in federal court,

560
00:27:21,818 --> 00:27:23,960
that members
of the Saudi government

561
00:27:24,060 --> 00:27:25,642
conspired with al-Qaeda

562
00:27:25,742 --> 00:27:27,884
for more than a decade
in funding them,

563
00:27:27,984 --> 00:27:30,647
financing them,
providing logistical support,

564
00:27:30,747 --> 00:27:34,211
and other means and methods
to keep them going.

565
00:27:34,311 --> 00:27:36,254
What we hear
from American officials,

566
00:27:36,354 --> 00:27:37,655
they are happy
with the cooperation.

567
00:27:37,755 --> 00:27:39,177
They are happy
with the information

568
00:27:39,277 --> 00:27:40,338
they are getting
from the Saudis.

569
00:27:40,438 --> 00:27:41,820
They are getting
plenty of information

570
00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,543
about the case
of the 15 hijackers.

571
00:27:44,643 --> 00:27:47,386
[Clarke] How did money move
to bin Laden?

572
00:27:47,486 --> 00:27:49,588
Did it move
through Saudi banks?

573
00:27:49,688 --> 00:27:51,711
Were there wealthy
Saudi individuals

574
00:27:51,811 --> 00:27:52,872
who were funding him?

575
00:27:52,972 --> 00:27:54,634
There was a lot
of cooperation

576
00:27:54,734 --> 00:27:56,676
that we wanted
out of the Saudi government

577
00:27:56,776 --> 00:27:58,759
that we did not get.

578
00:27:58,859 --> 00:28:01,842
[Maloney] Our own government
withheld a lot of material

579
00:28:01,942 --> 00:28:05,306
to prevent us
from embarrassing the Saudis.

580
00:28:07,348 --> 00:28:09,531
There's obviously a lot
of political influence

581
00:28:09,631 --> 00:28:12,214
the Saudis still enjoy
in Washington, D.C.,

582
00:28:12,314 --> 00:28:14,656
and they made
their best efforts

583
00:28:14,756 --> 00:28:17,019
to prevent this lawsuit from
ever seeing the light of day.

584
00:28:17,119 --> 00:28:19,702
♪♪♪♪♪

585
00:28:19,802 --> 00:28:21,744
[Soufan] I don't call
Saudi Arabia an ally.

586
00:28:21,844 --> 00:28:24,427
I never called
Saudi Arabia an ally.

587
00:28:24,527 --> 00:28:27,791
They always look to cover up
what they don't want

588
00:28:27,891 --> 00:28:29,833
the outside world to know

589
00:28:29,933 --> 00:28:32,036
about events and activities

590
00:28:32,136 --> 00:28:33,998
and networks
inside the kingdom.

591
00:28:34,098 --> 00:28:36,961
♪♪♪♪♪

592
00:28:37,061 --> 00:28:39,083
[Clarke] You have to remember,
this was a government

593
00:28:39,183 --> 00:28:42,848
that was very sympathetic
to the Saudi royal family.

594
00:28:42,948 --> 00:28:46,552
And the Bush family had ties
going back for decades.

595
00:28:48,073 --> 00:28:49,535
I think the Bush
administration's

596
00:28:49,635 --> 00:28:52,859
number one goal
after 9/11 was Iraq.

597
00:28:52,959 --> 00:28:55,702
They sat down
the first week after 9/11

598
00:28:55,802 --> 00:28:58,265
and said, "Shall we go
into Afghanistan first?

599
00:28:58,365 --> 00:29:01,308
Or shall we go
into Iraq first?"

600
00:29:01,408 --> 00:29:03,310
I felt like a man from Mars,

601
00:29:03,410 --> 00:29:08,076
and I said to them,
"Invading Iraq after 9/11

602
00:29:08,176 --> 00:29:10,118
would be like
if Franklin Roosevelt,

603
00:29:10,218 --> 00:29:12,761
after Pearl Harbor, had said,

604
00:29:12,861 --> 00:29:15,043
'Let's invade Mexico.'"

605
00:29:15,143 --> 00:29:18,287
I didn't understand how these
very rational senior people

606
00:29:18,387 --> 00:29:20,449
had lost their mind,

607
00:29:20,549 --> 00:29:22,492
and I don't think
the Bush administration

608
00:29:22,592 --> 00:29:25,455
could have fought the Iraq War
without Saudi support.

609
00:29:25,555 --> 00:29:28,258
[indistinct chatter]

610
00:29:28,358 --> 00:29:29,619
[Bishara]
I think Saudi Arabia

611
00:29:29,719 --> 00:29:32,142
became even more
indispensable

612
00:29:32,242 --> 00:29:34,625
for the United States.

613
00:29:34,725 --> 00:29:36,908
Jamal Khashoggi
and Turki al-Faisal,

614
00:29:37,008 --> 00:29:41,473
they were champions
of Saudi-American relations.

615
00:29:41,573 --> 00:29:44,316
Never defended it.
Never justified it.

616
00:29:44,416 --> 00:29:46,638
They were champions of it.

617
00:29:46,738 --> 00:29:49,241
[Wright] Jamal
was the only Arab I met

618
00:29:49,341 --> 00:29:52,445
who was a supporter
of the war.

619
00:29:52,545 --> 00:29:55,929
By the time
the U.S. invaded Iraq,

620
00:29:56,029 --> 00:29:57,130
he struck me as a neocon.

621
00:29:57,230 --> 00:29:58,692
He was all in favor of it.

622
00:29:58,792 --> 00:30:00,794
speaking Arabic

623
00:30:12,807 --> 00:30:14,750
[Obaid]
He was nationalistic.

624
00:30:14,850 --> 00:30:16,992
He felt very much
involved in it,

625
00:30:17,092 --> 00:30:19,835
and so, you know,
it's times change,

626
00:30:19,935 --> 00:30:23,539
but a lot of people
don't know that side of Jamal.

627
00:30:24,700 --> 00:30:26,703
Jamal took it very personally.

628
00:30:28,064 --> 00:30:30,167
Some of the papers,
including The New York Times,

629
00:30:30,267 --> 00:30:31,889
insist on calling him
a dissident.

630
00:30:31,989 --> 00:30:33,771
Jamal was...

631
00:30:33,871 --> 00:30:34,852
[Bradley] You've
arrested reformers

632
00:30:34,952 --> 00:30:36,293
by the hundreds
and the thousands.

633
00:30:36,393 --> 00:30:37,535
No, no, no, reformers,
they were never

634
00:30:37,635 --> 00:30:38,936
arrested by the, uh--

635
00:30:39,036 --> 00:30:41,019
Peaceful demonstrators
who went into the street,

636
00:30:41,119 --> 00:30:44,182
there were many hundreds
of them arrested in Riyadh--

637
00:30:44,282 --> 00:30:46,184
The demonstrators...
those demonstrators

638
00:30:46,284 --> 00:30:49,828
were ans-they were answering
a call of an al-Qaeda activist.

639
00:30:49,928 --> 00:30:52,351
They were answering the call
of Sa'ad Al-Faqih.

640
00:30:52,451 --> 00:30:54,193
They were not
peaceful demonstrators.

641
00:30:54,293 --> 00:30:56,436
[Bradley] They were holding
Korans above their head,

642
00:30:56,536 --> 00:30:57,757
and they were
peaceful demonstrators.

643
00:30:57,857 --> 00:30:59,079
- They were unarmed.
- But again,

644
00:30:59,179 --> 00:31:01,081
there were no shooting;
they were released.

645
00:31:01,181 --> 00:31:02,402
[Bradley]
There was shooting.

646
00:31:02,502 --> 00:31:04,244
They shot rubber bullets
over their heads.

647
00:31:04,344 --> 00:31:06,367
The-uh, nobody was killed.

648
00:31:06,467 --> 00:31:08,729
Uh, they were all released.

649
00:31:08,829 --> 00:31:11,493
We don't have
this situation where we...

650
00:31:11,593 --> 00:31:14,576
where people demonstrate
in the streets and chaos.

651
00:31:14,676 --> 00:31:16,378
No, we don't have
any-any of that.

652
00:31:16,478 --> 00:31:17,539
Saudi Arabia is very stable.

653
00:31:17,639 --> 00:31:20,543
♪ tense music ♪

654
00:31:20,643 --> 00:31:25,528
♪♪♪♪♪

655
00:31:27,050 --> 00:31:29,432
[Faris as Khashoggi] A country
as proud as Saudi Arabia

656
00:31:29,532 --> 00:31:32,596
doesn't take easily
to outside advice.

657
00:31:32,696 --> 00:31:34,959
Yet just because 15 Saudis

658
00:31:35,059 --> 00:31:38,362
committed the biggest
terrorist atrocity in history,

659
00:31:38,462 --> 00:31:40,685
some Americans are now calling

660
00:31:40,785 --> 00:31:43,008
for the imposition
of a foreign culture

661
00:31:43,108 --> 00:31:45,530
on our Muslim society.

662
00:31:45,630 --> 00:31:48,353
That is why we have
to fight back.

663
00:31:49,795 --> 00:31:52,178
Last November,
Prince Turki al-Faisal

664
00:31:52,278 --> 00:31:54,460
won a legal battle
against the families

665
00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:56,663
of September 11th victims.

666
00:31:56,763 --> 00:31:58,765
This was good news.

667
00:32:00,046 --> 00:32:01,108
The Bush administration

668
00:32:01,208 --> 00:32:03,851
still considers Saudi Arabia
a friend.

669
00:32:05,893 --> 00:32:08,936
But we do not know
what the future holds.

670
00:32:10,778 --> 00:32:14,522
[Bishara] Jamal's 30 years
in Arab media

671
00:32:14,622 --> 00:32:17,686
reflect Saudi relations
with the United States

672
00:32:17,786 --> 00:32:20,449
and Arab public opinion.

673
00:32:20,549 --> 00:32:24,694
He championed the cause
for American-Saudi cooperation

674
00:32:24,794 --> 00:32:27,937
against the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.

675
00:32:28,037 --> 00:32:30,540
After 9/11, they worked
with the United States

676
00:32:30,640 --> 00:32:32,462
against Saddam Hussein
of Iraq

677
00:32:32,562 --> 00:32:35,506
and supported
the U.S. war on terror.

678
00:32:35,606 --> 00:32:38,149
At each and every junction

679
00:32:38,249 --> 00:32:40,992
in modern Saudi history

680
00:32:41,092 --> 00:32:44,276
and modern
U.S.-Saudi relations,

681
00:32:44,376 --> 00:32:46,999
Jamal was there
at that crossroad,

682
00:32:47,099 --> 00:32:51,063
either reporting,
explaining, or spinning.

683
00:32:52,064 --> 00:32:55,588
But he was taken by surprise
by the Arab Spring.

684
00:32:57,870 --> 00:33:00,914
[crowd] chanting in Arabic

685
00:33:08,242 --> 00:33:11,706
[Bishara] The Arab Spring
was indeed a revolution

686
00:33:11,806 --> 00:33:14,389
that shook Saudi Arabia.

687
00:33:14,489 --> 00:33:17,192
It was like an earthquake.

688
00:33:17,292 --> 00:33:20,596
In the past, you could always
count on the United States.

689
00:33:20,696 --> 00:33:23,279
But when it came
to the Arab Spring,

690
00:33:23,379 --> 00:33:25,762
they could not find help
in Washington.

691
00:33:25,862 --> 00:33:27,323
[all] chanting in Arabic

692
00:33:27,423 --> 00:33:28,885
[Bishara]
That was unprecedented,

693
00:33:28,985 --> 00:33:31,768
that was unthinkable,
and it was so sudden.

694
00:33:31,868 --> 00:33:33,870
[all] chanting in Arabic

695
00:33:36,754 --> 00:33:39,477
[Karman] speaking Arabic

696
00:33:57,897 --> 00:33:59,599
[man] speaking Arabic

697
00:33:59,699 --> 00:34:02,322
[Soltan]
It felt like coming home.

698
00:34:02,422 --> 00:34:04,445
Seeing young Arabs

699
00:34:04,545 --> 00:34:06,607
take to the streets

700
00:34:06,707 --> 00:34:09,410
to realize that dream

701
00:34:09,510 --> 00:34:11,332
for self-determination,

702
00:34:11,432 --> 00:34:14,095
for liberty, freedom,

703
00:34:14,195 --> 00:34:16,458
bread, social justice

704
00:34:16,558 --> 00:34:18,540
was my dream coming true,

705
00:34:18,640 --> 00:34:20,642
and I couldn't
not take part in it.

706
00:34:47,833 --> 00:34:49,695
[all] chanting in Arabic

707
00:34:49,795 --> 00:34:52,658
♪ light dramatic music ♪

708
00:34:52,758 --> 00:34:55,982
♪♪♪♪♪

709
00:34:56,082 --> 00:34:57,864
[Obaid] When the Arab Spring
kicked off,

710
00:34:57,964 --> 00:35:00,907
that was kind of our first
open disagreement.

711
00:35:01,007 --> 00:35:02,989
He was for what happened
in other countries,

712
00:35:03,089 --> 00:35:04,791
and I was against it.

713
00:35:04,891 --> 00:35:06,794
It called it
"the so-called Arab Spring,"

714
00:35:06,894 --> 00:35:09,397
because what does that mean
for other countries

715
00:35:09,497 --> 00:35:12,240
of which Saudi Arabia
is an ally and a supporter?

716
00:35:12,340 --> 00:35:15,483
♪ dramatic music ♪

717
00:35:15,583 --> 00:35:17,325
♪♪♪♪♪

718
00:35:17,425 --> 00:35:19,007
[Brennan] At the time
of the Arab Spring,

719
00:35:19,107 --> 00:35:23,412
King Abdullah was viewed
as being somewhat skeptical

720
00:35:23,512 --> 00:35:26,335
of that
U.S.-Saudi relationship.

721
00:35:26,435 --> 00:35:29,379
He didn't support everything
that the United States did

722
00:35:29,479 --> 00:35:31,101
in the region,
and I think there were people

723
00:35:31,201 --> 00:35:33,023
who came in with
the Obama administration

724
00:35:33,123 --> 00:35:35,706
who had, oh, I think,
a rather jaundiced view,

725
00:35:35,806 --> 00:35:36,907
uh, of Saudi Arabia.

726
00:35:37,007 --> 00:35:38,869
There were problems
with the fact

727
00:35:38,969 --> 00:35:40,351
that these governments

728
00:35:40,451 --> 00:35:42,914
kind of couldn't keep a lid
on things anymore.

729
00:35:43,014 --> 00:35:46,197
I was in a group of advisors

730
00:35:46,297 --> 00:35:48,880
who were urging
President Obama

731
00:35:48,980 --> 00:35:52,264
to try to support
a transition to democracy.

732
00:35:53,666 --> 00:35:55,247
King Abdullah
of Saudi Arabia

733
00:35:55,347 --> 00:35:57,690
wanted to talk to Obama,

734
00:35:57,790 --> 00:35:59,532
and I remember
in that phone call

735
00:35:59,632 --> 00:36:03,256
King Abdullah was absolutely
livid about this,

736
00:36:03,356 --> 00:36:06,340
and his basic line was,

737
00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:08,422
everybody in that square

738
00:36:08,522 --> 00:36:11,085
is either a terrorist
or an Iranian agent.

739
00:36:12,286 --> 00:36:15,670
Which was just
patently not true.

740
00:36:15,770 --> 00:36:18,714
And President Obama
called Mubarak and told him,

741
00:36:18,814 --> 00:36:20,075
"Look, I think
you need to step down.

742
00:36:20,175 --> 00:36:21,757
I don't think these protests
are going to stop."

743
00:36:21,857 --> 00:36:24,160
[all] shouting in Arabic

744
00:36:24,260 --> 00:36:27,043
[Soltan] We were
at the presidential palace.

745
00:36:27,143 --> 00:36:29,846
We told the army generals

746
00:36:29,946 --> 00:36:33,089
that after this prayer,

747
00:36:33,189 --> 00:36:37,254
we were going to break through
and storm the palace.

748
00:36:37,354 --> 00:36:39,096
We said, "If you open fire
on the front line,

749
00:36:39,196 --> 00:36:40,698
there's 50,000 people
behind us.

750
00:36:40,798 --> 00:36:42,580
We're getting in regardless."

751
00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:45,063
I remember crying my eyes out
because I felt like

752
00:36:45,163 --> 00:36:46,625
this could be my last prayer,

753
00:36:46,725 --> 00:36:49,307
that if they opened fire,
you know, this was worth it.

754
00:36:49,407 --> 00:36:52,471
[crowd shouting]

755
00:36:52,571 --> 00:36:54,994
[Soltan] We hear the
announcement on the P.A.

756
00:36:55,094 --> 00:36:57,857
[man over P.A. system]
speaking Arabic

757
00:37:10,711 --> 00:37:13,134
[crowd cheering wildly]

758
00:37:13,234 --> 00:37:16,538
♪ uplifting music ♪

759
00:37:16,638 --> 00:37:19,901
[all] chanting in Arabic

760
00:37:20,001 --> 00:37:24,727
♪♪♪♪♪

761
00:37:38,782 --> 00:37:42,086
[Soltan]
It was the best of Egypt.

762
00:37:42,186 --> 00:37:44,889
And it was the best of
the Arab world at that time,

763
00:37:44,989 --> 00:37:47,452
best 18 days
of our generation.

764
00:37:47,552 --> 00:37:50,756
- [crowd cheering]
- [fireworks popping]

765
00:37:51,556 --> 00:37:53,979
It was...

766
00:37:54,079 --> 00:37:55,381
one hell of a time.

767
00:37:55,481 --> 00:37:57,483
[laughs]

768
00:37:58,885 --> 00:38:01,788
♪ gentle music ♪

769
00:38:01,888 --> 00:38:04,511
♪♪♪♪♪

770
00:38:04,611 --> 00:38:07,554
[Faris as Khashoggi]
Egyptians did not need anyone

771
00:38:07,654 --> 00:38:10,157
to teach them how to be free.

772
00:38:10,257 --> 00:38:13,441
I saw them take to it

773
00:38:13,541 --> 00:38:16,364
like a human instinct.

774
00:38:16,464 --> 00:38:19,047
At the time, I was living
a new love story

775
00:38:19,147 --> 00:38:21,290
and a new marriage.

776
00:38:21,390 --> 00:38:26,095
Egypt was also living
its love story with freedom.

777
00:38:26,195 --> 00:38:30,460
It was the happiest time
for both of us.

778
00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:32,742
[Salem] Jamal was
a big romantic.

779
00:38:32,842 --> 00:38:35,545
In every sense, a romantic.

780
00:38:35,645 --> 00:38:37,808
You get swept up in it.

781
00:38:39,329 --> 00:38:42,874
Jamal loved strong,
intelligent women,

782
00:38:42,974 --> 00:38:45,837
and at the start
of the Arab Spring,

783
00:38:45,937 --> 00:38:50,001
he'd married a really
wonderful woman, Dr. Alaa.

784
00:38:50,101 --> 00:38:53,325
♪♪♪♪♪

785
00:38:53,425 --> 00:38:58,090
And there is a certain romance
to revolutions,

786
00:38:58,190 --> 00:39:01,895
to the idea
that you can throw off

787
00:39:01,995 --> 00:39:04,017
the restrictions

788
00:39:04,117 --> 00:39:07,221
that seemed impossible
to shake

789
00:39:07,321 --> 00:39:11,025
and that you could think
and discuss ideas

790
00:39:11,125 --> 00:39:14,429
that were forbidden before,

791
00:39:14,529 --> 00:39:18,753
and that...that oxygen,
I think, is intoxicating.

792
00:39:18,853 --> 00:39:22,357
♪♪♪♪♪

793
00:39:22,457 --> 00:39:24,960
[Obaid] Jamal was very open
about how happy he was

794
00:39:25,060 --> 00:39:27,103
that Mubarak had gone down.

795
00:39:28,224 --> 00:39:30,126
But he made a lot of enemies

796
00:39:30,226 --> 00:39:32,929
because of his writing
and his tweets,

797
00:39:33,029 --> 00:39:34,931
and I kept telling Jamal,
"Stop.

798
00:39:35,031 --> 00:39:36,293
You know, stop."

799
00:39:36,393 --> 00:39:38,295
We had a lot of arguments
about it.

800
00:39:38,395 --> 00:39:40,217
King Abdullah kept
getting angry at him,

801
00:39:40,317 --> 00:39:42,139
told him, you know,
"What you're writing,

802
00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:44,302
you know, relax."

803
00:39:44,402 --> 00:39:47,465
There was a sense
of a lot of worry.

804
00:39:47,565 --> 00:39:51,149
I would say the relationship
Saudi Arabia had with America

805
00:39:51,249 --> 00:39:53,392
started being very testy.

806
00:39:53,492 --> 00:39:55,554
The Saudis believed,

807
00:39:55,654 --> 00:39:58,998
uh, that we let Mubarak down,

808
00:39:59,098 --> 00:40:00,600
um, that he had been

809
00:40:00,700 --> 00:40:02,442
a very loyal ally
for 30 years,

810
00:40:02,542 --> 00:40:05,325
that he had done what we
asked him to do many times,

811
00:40:05,425 --> 00:40:08,088
and that at the first sign
of trouble,

812
00:40:08,188 --> 00:40:09,610
uh, we threw him under the bus.

813
00:40:09,710 --> 00:40:13,094
[all] chanting in Arabic

814
00:40:13,194 --> 00:40:16,537
Saudi Arabia was paying
people to protest.

815
00:40:16,637 --> 00:40:19,541
[all] chanting in Arabic

816
00:40:19,641 --> 00:40:21,423
[Rhodes] And ultimately,
this results

817
00:40:21,523 --> 00:40:23,465
in the Egyptian military
overthrowing

818
00:40:23,565 --> 00:40:25,307
a democratically elected
government

819
00:40:25,407 --> 00:40:26,989
with the backing
of Saudi Arabia.

820
00:40:27,089 --> 00:40:28,511
They funded it.

821
00:40:28,611 --> 00:40:31,354
They drove the media strategy
behind it.

822
00:40:31,454 --> 00:40:34,157
[Brennan] Saudi Arabia
and others were concerned

823
00:40:34,257 --> 00:40:36,520
that the Arab Spring
was going to,

824
00:40:36,620 --> 00:40:37,761
uh, go out of control.

825
00:40:37,861 --> 00:40:39,323
Nobody wanted that.

826
00:40:39,423 --> 00:40:41,285
United States didn't want that.
Saudi Arabia didn't want that.

827
00:40:41,385 --> 00:40:42,727
[man] It was reported
that Egypt's

828
00:40:42,827 --> 00:40:45,369
first democratically
elected president

829
00:40:45,469 --> 00:40:47,572
was no longer allowed
to leave the country

830
00:40:47,672 --> 00:40:49,294
and that the army
was deploying

831
00:40:49,394 --> 00:40:51,576
not just here
but on the streets.

832
00:40:51,676 --> 00:40:54,620
♪ dark music ♪

833
00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:56,862
[Rhodes] President Obama,
at this point,

834
00:40:56,962 --> 00:40:59,185
is kind of worn down by this,

835
00:40:59,285 --> 00:41:02,148
and we never followed through
on a policy

836
00:41:02,248 --> 00:41:04,250
that really prioritized
democracy promotion.

837
00:41:05,532 --> 00:41:07,314
Not only was that
kind of the death knell

838
00:41:07,414 --> 00:41:10,878
of the Arab Spring,
but it was also kind of,

839
00:41:10,978 --> 00:41:13,000
to me,
like a pretty cynical,

840
00:41:13,100 --> 00:41:15,203
you know, hypocritical thing.

841
00:41:15,303 --> 00:41:16,524
No, it's not cynical.

842
00:41:16,624 --> 00:41:18,006
See, these are naive--
I don't--

843
00:41:18,106 --> 00:41:19,407
I mean, I hate to tell
Mr. Rhodes,

844
00:41:19,507 --> 00:41:21,249
but these are-these are-
these are superficial, naive,

845
00:41:21,349 --> 00:41:24,613
and ra-rather fatuous
arguments.

846
00:41:24,713 --> 00:41:25,814
Uh, they may sell books.

847
00:41:25,914 --> 00:41:27,296
I hope he does sell
a lot of books,

848
00:41:27,396 --> 00:41:29,178
but, um...
[chuckles]

849
00:41:29,278 --> 00:41:31,861
...those-those--you know,
the role of the Saudis

850
00:41:31,961 --> 00:41:33,143
in global oil markets,

851
00:41:33,243 --> 00:41:35,185
the role of Saudi Arabia
in countering,

852
00:41:35,285 --> 00:41:37,267
uh, Islamic terrorism,

853
00:41:37,367 --> 00:41:40,030
you know, do you really want
a Saudi Arabia

854
00:41:40,130 --> 00:41:43,033
that looks like,
um, you know,

855
00:41:43,133 --> 00:41:45,116
what's happening
in Beirut or Syria

856
00:41:45,216 --> 00:41:47,118
or Baghdad or Tehran today?

857
00:41:47,218 --> 00:41:48,600
Is that really what you want?

858
00:41:48,700 --> 00:41:51,483
[indistinct chatter]

859
00:41:51,583 --> 00:41:54,606
[Soltan] When the military
coup happened,

860
00:41:54,706 --> 00:41:56,809
there were tens of thousands
of people

861
00:41:56,909 --> 00:41:59,332
that came out to protest.

862
00:41:59,432 --> 00:42:00,773
[all] chanting in Arabic

863
00:42:00,873 --> 00:42:02,775
[Soltan] The military
and security forces

864
00:42:02,875 --> 00:42:05,098
surrounded Rabaa Square.

865
00:42:05,198 --> 00:42:07,421
[all] chanting in Arabic

866
00:42:07,521 --> 00:42:10,784
[Soltan] They were coming in
like it was an armed group

867
00:42:10,884 --> 00:42:15,149
that they were coming
to basically ambush.

868
00:42:15,249 --> 00:42:17,912
[artillery firing]

869
00:42:18,012 --> 00:42:20,315
[people shouting]

870
00:42:20,415 --> 00:42:22,798
[car alarms blaring]

871
00:42:22,898 --> 00:42:25,801
♪ desolate music ♪

872
00:42:25,901 --> 00:42:30,746
♪♪♪♪♪

873
00:42:38,595 --> 00:42:40,257
[Soltan] There were
people falling,

874
00:42:40,357 --> 00:42:41,538
people by your side.

875
00:42:41,638 --> 00:42:42,980
A bullet could hit you
at any time.

876
00:42:43,080 --> 00:42:45,503
[artillery firing]

877
00:42:45,603 --> 00:42:48,246
Shots fired
from every direction.

878
00:42:50,688 --> 00:42:52,310
Cars exploding.

879
00:42:52,410 --> 00:42:53,672
[car alarms blaring]

880
00:42:53,772 --> 00:42:55,834
And then I get hit.

881
00:42:55,934 --> 00:42:57,356
People start rushing at me,

882
00:42:57,456 --> 00:43:01,200
and they carry me
into a makeshift hospital.

883
00:43:01,300 --> 00:43:04,204
Everybody there was dying.

884
00:43:04,304 --> 00:43:07,227
[all] speaking Arabic

885
00:43:09,429 --> 00:43:10,931
[Soltan] There was this, like,
distinct smell

886
00:43:11,031 --> 00:43:12,893
of gunpowder and blood.

887
00:43:12,993 --> 00:43:15,496
[car alarms blaring]

888
00:43:15,596 --> 00:43:17,699
I remember just laying there.

889
00:43:17,799 --> 00:43:19,420
I closed my eyes.

890
00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:23,705
And that moment, I...

891
00:43:23,805 --> 00:43:26,228
I felt so helpless,

892
00:43:26,328 --> 00:43:30,713
so hopeless, I just...

893
00:43:30,813 --> 00:43:32,875
♪♪♪♪♪

894
00:43:32,975 --> 00:43:36,239
Rabaa was the day
that the Arab Spring...

895
00:43:36,339 --> 00:43:38,341
that was the nail
in the coffin.

896
00:43:40,664 --> 00:43:42,406
[man] It was almost certainly

897
00:43:42,506 --> 00:43:44,528
the single bloodiest day
of events

898
00:43:44,628 --> 00:43:47,011
since the start
of the Arab Spring.

899
00:43:47,111 --> 00:43:50,735
Egyptian officials say
that 525 people were killed,

900
00:43:50,835 --> 00:43:52,898
though opponents say
the true number

901
00:43:52,998 --> 00:43:55,300
could be four times as many.

902
00:43:55,400 --> 00:43:58,304
[somber music]

903
00:43:58,404 --> 00:44:03,489
♪♪♪♪♪

904
00:44:07,093 --> 00:44:10,657
There was the temptation
to support the revolutions.

905
00:44:12,419 --> 00:44:15,603
I believe it is
the right thing to do.

906
00:44:15,703 --> 00:44:18,286
But in my writing,
I do my best

907
00:44:18,386 --> 00:44:21,289
to just be a journalist

908
00:44:21,389 --> 00:44:24,312
and not become
a revolutionary.

909
00:44:26,835 --> 00:44:28,737
[Wright] The Arab Spring
was crushed.

910
00:44:28,837 --> 00:44:30,940
It was destroyed.

911
00:44:31,040 --> 00:44:33,983
And what the Arab Spring
stood for in large part

912
00:44:34,083 --> 00:44:35,945
was freedom of expression,

913
00:44:36,045 --> 00:44:40,430
and that had a profound
influence on Jamal's thinking.

914
00:44:40,530 --> 00:44:42,913
Suddenly he saw
that freedom of expression

915
00:44:43,013 --> 00:44:45,556
was the key to reform
in the Arab world

916
00:44:45,656 --> 00:44:47,959
and especially
in Saudi Arabia.

917
00:44:48,059 --> 00:44:49,520
[hammers banging]

918
00:44:49,620 --> 00:44:52,804
That's where
Al-Arab came from.

919
00:44:52,904 --> 00:44:56,048
Jamal saw the opportunity
to create a middle road,

920
00:44:56,148 --> 00:44:57,609
you know, his own channel,

921
00:44:57,709 --> 00:44:59,812
free of government censorship,

922
00:44:59,912 --> 00:45:03,256
but not attacking
the royal family all the time,

923
00:45:03,356 --> 00:45:05,979
and he was aided
by one particular

924
00:45:06,079 --> 00:45:07,500
royal family member,

925
00:45:07,600 --> 00:45:10,824
Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal.

926
00:45:10,924 --> 00:45:13,868
And at first, it seemed
like there might be room

927
00:45:13,968 --> 00:45:16,991
for an independent voice
in the kingdom.

928
00:45:17,091 --> 00:45:19,974
speaking Arabic

929
00:45:33,950 --> 00:45:36,933
[Obaid] Jamal always had
a very good relationship

930
00:45:37,033 --> 00:45:38,695
with Prince Waleed.

931
00:45:38,795 --> 00:45:42,179
You know, the infamous
investor, Mr. Citibank,

932
00:45:42,279 --> 00:45:43,861
that made a lot of money.

933
00:45:43,961 --> 00:45:46,464
So, you know, he's a very
well-known individual

934
00:45:46,564 --> 00:45:48,065
on the international scene

935
00:45:48,165 --> 00:45:50,548
and has always been
an outspoken member

936
00:45:50,648 --> 00:45:52,510
of the Saudi royal family,

937
00:45:52,610 --> 00:45:54,553
but at the same time, again,
very much like Jamal,

938
00:45:54,653 --> 00:45:57,636
always very much
within the construct

939
00:45:57,736 --> 00:45:59,438
of the loyalty to the king

940
00:45:59,538 --> 00:46:00,920
and to his country
and so forth.

941
00:46:01,020 --> 00:46:02,962
[woman] speaking Arabic

942
00:46:03,062 --> 00:46:06,085
[Salem] Jamal was so hopeful
about Al-Arab.

943
00:46:06,185 --> 00:46:08,889
He was trying to hire
the best and brightest.

944
00:46:08,989 --> 00:46:13,093
Anyone who worked
in Arab media knew of him,

945
00:46:13,193 --> 00:46:15,136
and even if you didn't agree

946
00:46:15,236 --> 00:46:17,018
with his positions
over time,

947
00:46:17,118 --> 00:46:18,940
it's hard not to admire Jamal.

948
00:46:19,040 --> 00:46:20,902
Stand by, camera one.
Stand by, sound.

949
00:46:21,002 --> 00:46:22,023
Cue.

950
00:46:22,123 --> 00:46:23,345
[Fawaz] Al-Arab news channel

951
00:46:23,445 --> 00:46:25,627
was gonna have
the best of everything.

952
00:46:25,727 --> 00:46:28,390
Even the owner,
Prince Waleed bin Talal,

953
00:46:28,490 --> 00:46:30,593
even he was aiming to be,

954
00:46:30,693 --> 00:46:32,515
if not number one, number two

955
00:46:32,615 --> 00:46:34,237
as-as-as-as a start.

956
00:46:34,337 --> 00:46:36,760
[Al Shaikhli]
Jamal was very confident

957
00:46:36,860 --> 00:46:38,762
of the vision of the station

958
00:46:38,862 --> 00:46:42,446
and that he had the backing
of the royal family.

959
00:46:42,546 --> 00:46:46,090
We were all ready to launch on
the first of February, 2015,

960
00:46:46,190 --> 00:46:47,892
and everybody had that energy.

961
00:46:47,992 --> 00:46:49,894
You know, when the...
when you launch a station,

962
00:46:49,994 --> 00:46:52,036
there's always this...
an energy that comes with it.

963
00:46:53,638 --> 00:46:57,062
[Salem] For Jamal,
there was so much hope.

964
00:46:57,162 --> 00:47:00,266
Al-Arab was his last
great passion project.

965
00:47:00,366 --> 00:47:02,268
[woman] speaking Arabic

966
00:47:02,368 --> 00:47:04,550
In six, five,

967
00:47:04,650 --> 00:47:07,554
four, three, two, one.

968
00:47:07,654 --> 00:47:08,755
Go, [indistinct].

969
00:47:08,855 --> 00:47:11,919
♪ exciting music ♪

970
00:47:12,019 --> 00:47:13,120
♪♪♪♪♪

971
00:47:13,220 --> 00:47:17,565
speaking Arabic

972
00:47:17,665 --> 00:47:21,049
[exciting news theme]

973
00:47:21,149 --> 00:47:23,131
[cheers and applause]

974
00:47:23,231 --> 00:47:26,455
[Fawaz] I turned around,
and I said, "Jamal, we did it.

975
00:47:26,555 --> 00:47:28,557
You can relax now."

976
00:47:30,159 --> 00:47:32,221
speaking Arabic

977
00:47:32,321 --> 00:47:35,665
I had my show
at eleven o'clock at night.

978
00:47:35,765 --> 00:47:38,148
I went back home,
thinking, "Okay,

979
00:47:38,248 --> 00:47:40,150
tomorrow we have to get up;
tomorrow's the next day.

980
00:47:40,250 --> 00:47:42,332
We have to start again."

981
00:47:43,093 --> 00:47:45,676
[Fawaz] I had
my phone ringing.

982
00:47:45,776 --> 00:47:48,920
I look at the phone,
I said, "Shit."

983
00:47:49,020 --> 00:47:51,002
[Al Shaikhli] Gentlemen
came to the station,

984
00:47:51,102 --> 00:47:53,324
to the master control room,
and they said

985
00:47:53,424 --> 00:47:55,767
we need to stop the broadcast.

986
00:47:55,867 --> 00:47:59,091
[Fawaz] They are really
asking us to shut down.

987
00:47:59,191 --> 00:48:01,574
We can't have anything
on the air.

988
00:48:01,674 --> 00:48:04,637
They ask to broadcast
just black.

989
00:48:07,240 --> 00:48:08,621
[high-pitched tone]

990
00:48:08,721 --> 00:48:11,084
And, uh, that was it.

991
00:48:13,727 --> 00:48:15,149
[man] Just three days
before the shutdown,

992
00:48:15,249 --> 00:48:17,551
a new king took the throne.

993
00:48:17,651 --> 00:48:20,454
Was that transition the issue?

994
00:48:21,856 --> 00:48:24,319
[inhales deeply, sighs]

995
00:48:24,419 --> 00:48:26,041
Um...

996
00:48:26,141 --> 00:48:28,884
yep.

997
00:48:28,984 --> 00:48:31,367
That-that was it.
That was it.

998
00:48:31,467 --> 00:48:33,209
♪ tense music ♪

999
00:48:33,309 --> 00:48:36,212
[people cheering]

1000
00:48:36,312 --> 00:48:41,198
♪♪♪♪♪

1001
00:48:46,684 --> 00:48:48,145
[Rundell] King Abdullah dies,

1002
00:48:48,245 --> 00:48:52,750
and the new king is Salman,
and no one really expects

1003
00:48:52,850 --> 00:48:55,914
there to be
any profound change.

1004
00:48:56,014 --> 00:48:57,916
But within the first 60 days,

1005
00:48:58,016 --> 00:49:00,399
things began to change
pretty quickly.

1006
00:49:00,499 --> 00:49:02,081
The king,
first thing he did was,

1007
00:49:02,181 --> 00:49:04,564
he made his son
the defense minister,

1008
00:49:04,664 --> 00:49:07,206
and he began
to pretty radically change

1009
00:49:07,306 --> 00:49:09,589
the way the Saudi government
was structured.

1010
00:49:10,270 --> 00:49:12,933
[Soufan] King Salman
wanted to cut the wings

1011
00:49:13,033 --> 00:49:15,376
of anyone else
in the royal family

1012
00:49:15,476 --> 00:49:19,100
and keep everything inside
his own immediate family,

1013
00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:21,262
especially his son.

1014
00:49:21,362 --> 00:49:24,786
[Rhodes] Mohammed bin Salman
was not even 30 years old.

1015
00:49:24,886 --> 00:49:27,429
He was basically
an unknown commodity,

1016
00:49:27,529 --> 00:49:29,071
so there was something fishy

1017
00:49:29,171 --> 00:49:31,073
about the whole thing
from the start.

1018
00:49:31,173 --> 00:49:32,955
- [all] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]

1019
00:49:33,055 --> 00:49:34,957
[Rundell] Many people,
myself included,

1020
00:49:35,057 --> 00:49:37,400
recognized that this
was potentially

1021
00:49:37,500 --> 00:49:40,283
a very dangerous
and difficult transition.

1022
00:49:40,383 --> 00:49:42,085
[drums beating]

1023
00:49:42,185 --> 00:49:43,847
I tend to think
that Saudi Arabia

1024
00:49:43,947 --> 00:49:45,769
is more stable
most of the time

1025
00:49:45,869 --> 00:49:47,812
than most people do,

1026
00:49:47,912 --> 00:49:49,894
but even I
certainly recognized

1027
00:49:49,994 --> 00:49:52,757
that this was a real
potential problem.

1028
00:49:55,120 --> 00:49:56,701
[Rhodes] You had this sense
of foreboding

1029
00:49:56,801 --> 00:49:58,263
of, what's gonna happen here?

1030
00:49:58,363 --> 00:49:59,985
We were concerned.

1031
00:50:00,085 --> 00:50:02,728
- [drums beating]
- [crowd cheering]

1032
00:50:08,895 --> 00:50:12,078
♪ uneasy music ♪

1033
00:50:12,178 --> 00:50:15,162
♪♪♪♪♪

1034
00:50:15,262 --> 00:50:17,725
[Wright] King Salman's
first act of censorship

1035
00:50:17,825 --> 00:50:19,767
was shutting down Al-Arab.

1036
00:50:19,867 --> 00:50:22,210
And Jamal, I think,

1037
00:50:22,310 --> 00:50:24,292
was caught short by it.

1038
00:50:24,392 --> 00:50:27,175
And it's notable
that the enforcer

1039
00:50:27,275 --> 00:50:29,858
of this first act
of censorship

1040
00:50:29,958 --> 00:50:32,381
was a man named
Saud al-Qahtani.

1041
00:50:32,481 --> 00:50:34,824
[woman vocalizing]

1042
00:50:34,924 --> 00:50:39,669
♪♪♪♪♪

1043
00:50:39,769 --> 00:50:41,511
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
came into the royal court

1044
00:50:41,611 --> 00:50:43,193
as a media secretary,

1045
00:50:43,293 --> 00:50:46,036
and then his relationship
evolved there

1046
00:50:46,136 --> 00:50:48,319
and he basically
starting attacking,

1047
00:50:48,419 --> 00:50:51,402
organizing campaigns against
columnists, journalists,

1048
00:50:51,502 --> 00:50:53,364
what have you.

1049
00:50:53,464 --> 00:50:56,047
But more will come out
on Saud al-Qahtani's role

1050
00:50:56,147 --> 00:50:58,290
in the future,
because he ended up being

1051
00:50:58,390 --> 00:51:00,732
quite influential.

1052
00:51:00,832 --> 00:51:02,334
Al-Qahtani would tell
the editors

1053
00:51:02,434 --> 00:51:04,897
what they can write
and what they cannot write,

1054
00:51:04,997 --> 00:51:06,699
telling them,
"Put this on the front page.

1055
00:51:06,799 --> 00:51:08,141
Put this on the front,"
and Jamal,

1056
00:51:08,241 --> 00:51:10,704
he was very uncomfortable
with it.

1057
00:51:10,804 --> 00:51:12,065
I mean, you're a journalist.

1058
00:51:12,165 --> 00:51:13,446
Imagine if every two minutes,
someone's sending you

1059
00:51:13,527 --> 00:51:15,189
a message from the White House
telling you, you know,

1060
00:51:15,289 --> 00:51:16,550
"Don't write this.
Write this.

1061
00:51:16,650 --> 00:51:17,952
Put this on the front.
You can't take this"--

1062
00:51:18,052 --> 00:51:20,054
I mean, this is
what was happening.

1063
00:51:21,175 --> 00:51:23,918
[Rhodes] It was 2016,
and MBS had really started

1064
00:51:24,018 --> 00:51:26,361
getting his hands
onto the press.

1065
00:51:26,461 --> 00:51:29,044
And there was a group
in Yemen

1066
00:51:29,144 --> 00:51:32,087
who have always been
antagonists of Saudi Arabia.

1067
00:51:32,187 --> 00:51:34,930
And so MBS,
as defense minister,

1068
00:51:35,030 --> 00:51:37,974
basically decides
to go into Yemen

1069
00:51:38,074 --> 00:51:40,176
and take these-these guys on.

1070
00:51:40,276 --> 00:51:43,159
speaking Arabic

1071
00:51:44,401 --> 00:51:47,344
[jet engine roaring]

1072
00:51:47,444 --> 00:51:49,707
[Rhodes] The Saudi
invasion of Yemen

1073
00:51:49,807 --> 00:51:52,190
would never happen
without MBS.

1074
00:51:52,290 --> 00:51:55,273
MBS was using
the invasion of Yemen

1075
00:51:55,373 --> 00:51:57,716
as a means
of consolidating power,

1076
00:51:57,816 --> 00:52:00,359
as a means of getting
the armed forces

1077
00:52:00,459 --> 00:52:01,480
really under him.

1078
00:52:01,580 --> 00:52:03,242
[explosion booms]

1079
00:52:03,342 --> 00:52:05,124
[woman] To Yemen now,
breaking overnight,

1080
00:52:05,224 --> 00:52:07,286
Yemen erupting,
and Saudi Arabia,

1081
00:52:07,386 --> 00:52:09,329
backed by a ten-nation
coalition,

1082
00:52:09,429 --> 00:52:10,770
launching air strikes.

1083
00:52:10,870 --> 00:52:12,132
The U.S. is providing

1084
00:52:12,232 --> 00:52:13,974
logistical and intelligence
support.

1085
00:52:14,074 --> 00:52:17,458
- [explosion booms]
- [person shrieks]

1086
00:52:17,558 --> 00:52:19,820
[Soufan] The war in Yemen
was essential

1087
00:52:19,920 --> 00:52:22,583
to the rise
of Mohammed bin Salman.

1088
00:52:22,683 --> 00:52:26,067
And they thought
that they can go to Yemen

1089
00:52:26,167 --> 00:52:28,950
couple of month,
finish the war,

1090
00:52:29,050 --> 00:52:30,472
declare victory,

1091
00:52:30,572 --> 00:52:33,636
and then he will be the person

1092
00:52:33,736 --> 00:52:37,560
who is liked, loved, admired

1093
00:52:37,660 --> 00:52:39,642
in the Sunni Muslim world.

1094
00:52:39,742 --> 00:52:41,524
♪♪♪♪♪

1095
00:52:41,624 --> 00:52:44,748
[Karman] speaking Arabic

1096
00:52:56,561 --> 00:52:59,084
[men] speaking Arabic

1097
00:53:01,647 --> 00:53:03,649
[explosion booms]

1098
00:53:07,653 --> 00:53:10,517
[child] speaking Arabic

1099
00:53:10,617 --> 00:53:13,520
♪ somber music ♪

1100
00:53:13,620 --> 00:53:18,385
♪♪♪♪♪

1101
00:53:29,518 --> 00:53:32,621
[Wright] Tens of thousands
of people have been killed.

1102
00:53:32,721 --> 00:53:34,223
They've bombed hospitals,

1103
00:53:34,323 --> 00:53:38,067
UN facilities,
refugee camps.

1104
00:53:38,167 --> 00:53:42,232
Fifty thousand children
have starved to death.

1105
00:53:42,332 --> 00:53:46,356
America has assisted
in this genocide.

1106
00:53:46,456 --> 00:53:48,118
Not only have we supplied
the weapons,

1107
00:53:48,218 --> 00:53:51,402
we refueled the bombers
and the fighter planes.

1108
00:53:51,502 --> 00:53:53,484
We trained them.

1109
00:53:53,584 --> 00:53:56,768
In the Arab world,
it's known as

1110
00:53:56,868 --> 00:53:59,931
the Saudi-American War
on Yemen.

1111
00:54:00,031 --> 00:54:02,935
♪ dramatic music ♪

1112
00:54:03,035 --> 00:54:04,657
♪♪♪♪♪

1113
00:54:04,757 --> 00:54:06,098
[Rhodes]
The war in Yemen

1114
00:54:06,198 --> 00:54:08,200
was a real humanitarian
catastrophe.

1115
00:54:09,802 --> 00:54:12,105
There had been other issues
that we were aware of.

1116
00:54:12,205 --> 00:54:14,908
Saudi Arabia had detained
a number of bloggers

1117
00:54:15,008 --> 00:54:17,030
and journalists.

1118
00:54:17,130 --> 00:54:20,114
They'd also had
a mass execution of Shia,

1119
00:54:20,214 --> 00:54:22,857
including some prominent
Shia clerics.

1120
00:54:23,738 --> 00:54:26,581
[Anas] speaking Arabic

1121
00:54:30,265 --> 00:54:33,348
[man] shouting in Arabic

1122
00:54:37,393 --> 00:54:38,815
[person wails]

1123
00:54:38,915 --> 00:54:41,538
[Rhodes] Our last trip
was in April of 2016.

1124
00:54:41,638 --> 00:54:43,460
- [indistinct chatter]
- [camera shutters clicking]

1125
00:54:43,560 --> 00:54:45,662
Thank you very much,
Your Majesty.

1126
00:54:45,762 --> 00:54:48,065
[Rhodes] President Obama
started to urge King Salman

1127
00:54:48,165 --> 00:54:50,107
to release
some of these bloggers

1128
00:54:50,207 --> 00:54:52,950
and journalists,
and with that...

1129
00:54:53,050 --> 00:54:54,472
[man] Mr. President...

1130
00:54:54,572 --> 00:54:55,994
[Rhodes] ...MBS stands up

1131
00:54:56,094 --> 00:55:00,559
and begins to lecture
President Obama, saying,

1132
00:55:00,659 --> 00:55:02,641
"You don't understand
the Saudi justice system.

1133
00:55:02,741 --> 00:55:05,004
Maybe we can get you a briefing
on the Saudi justice system

1134
00:55:05,104 --> 00:55:07,166
and how it works."

1135
00:55:07,266 --> 00:55:10,650
This was a very aggressive
presentation,

1136
00:55:10,750 --> 00:55:13,173
and I've-I've never seen
anything like this.

1137
00:55:13,273 --> 00:55:14,774
I mean, it's very unusual
for anybody

1138
00:55:14,874 --> 00:55:17,297
other than the president's
interlocutor to talk at all.

1139
00:55:17,397 --> 00:55:18,739
It's certainly unusual
for them to stand up

1140
00:55:18,839 --> 00:55:20,341
and kind of lecture the
president of the United States.

1141
00:55:20,441 --> 00:55:22,663
Thank you
for your hospitality.

1142
00:55:22,763 --> 00:55:24,185
[applause]

1143
00:55:24,285 --> 00:55:25,947
[Rhodes] Our view was,
they're clearly

1144
00:55:26,047 --> 00:55:28,089
waiting for whoever's next.

1145
00:55:29,971 --> 00:55:33,515
[crowd chanting "U.S.A.!"]

1146
00:55:33,615 --> 00:55:37,159
[man] It is my high honor
to introduce to you

1147
00:55:37,259 --> 00:55:39,722
the president of the United
States of America,

1148
00:55:39,822 --> 00:55:42,445
Donald Trump.

1149
00:55:42,545 --> 00:55:43,847
[crowd cheering]

1150
00:55:43,947 --> 00:55:45,368
[message chirps]

1151
00:55:45,468 --> 00:55:48,972
[Trump] I'm with you,
the American people.

1152
00:55:49,072 --> 00:55:50,895
[Obaid] So Jamal put out
a series of tweets

1153
00:55:50,995 --> 00:55:53,698
being critical of Trump,

1154
00:55:53,798 --> 00:55:55,620
and then we got a warning.

1155
00:55:55,720 --> 00:55:57,662
There was an official
statement put out

1156
00:55:57,762 --> 00:56:00,065
by the foreign ministry
where they basically said

1157
00:56:00,165 --> 00:56:01,707
that Jamal and I
didn't represent

1158
00:56:01,807 --> 00:56:03,228
the Saudi government, pft,

1159
00:56:03,328 --> 00:56:04,790
which is, okay, fine,

1160
00:56:04,890 --> 00:56:07,513
but that, I took as,
you know,

1161
00:56:07,613 --> 00:56:08,794
things are different now.

1162
00:56:08,894 --> 00:56:10,677
You know, there's
new guys in town.

1163
00:56:10,777 --> 00:56:12,639
Uh, it's time to be quiet.

1164
00:56:12,739 --> 00:56:15,462
♪ dark music ♪

1165
00:56:15,982 --> 00:56:19,026
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1166
00:56:45,135 --> 00:56:46,436
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
called him.

1167
00:56:46,536 --> 00:56:48,639
Told him, "You can't write.
You can't speak.

1168
00:56:48,739 --> 00:56:50,761
You can't tweet.
You can't do anything."

1169
00:56:50,861 --> 00:56:52,443
And I said,
"Let's just stop this.

1170
00:56:52,543 --> 00:56:54,245
There's no point
in continuing.

1171
00:56:54,345 --> 00:56:57,569
Clearly, we've become
persona non grata."

1172
00:56:57,669 --> 00:56:58,970
Jamal was very upset
about it.

1173
00:56:59,070 --> 00:57:01,733
He had a big name.
He was like, "What do I do?"

1174
00:57:01,833 --> 00:57:03,135
[woman] What will you do?

1175
00:57:03,235 --> 00:57:06,098
Like, will you be able
to go back to Saudi Arabia?

1176
00:57:06,198 --> 00:57:07,740
In principle, I can,

1177
00:57:07,840 --> 00:57:12,705
uh, but when I, uh, see how
many of my colleagues ended,

1178
00:57:12,805 --> 00:57:16,630
either, uh, jailed
or banned from travel, uh,

1179
00:57:16,730 --> 00:57:19,353
I-I-I...

1180
00:57:19,453 --> 00:57:20,995
uh, I think otherwise.

1181
00:57:21,095 --> 00:57:24,178
♪ dramatic music ♪

1182
00:57:24,939 --> 00:57:28,062
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1183
00:57:36,111 --> 00:57:37,973
[jet engine roaring]

1184
00:57:38,073 --> 00:57:40,716
[Salem] Jamal messaged me
from a new U.S. number.

1185
00:57:44,481 --> 00:57:47,083
He dropped off some bags
to hold at my apartment.

1186
00:57:49,286 --> 00:57:51,028
It's hard for me
to talk about Jamal

1187
00:57:51,128 --> 00:57:55,953
leaving Saudi Arabia because...

1188
00:57:56,053 --> 00:57:59,677
it pained him

1189
00:57:59,777 --> 00:58:01,520
literally until the end.

1190
00:58:01,620 --> 00:58:02,761
[sniffles]

1191
00:58:02,861 --> 00:58:04,603
♪♪♪♪♪

1192
00:58:04,703 --> 00:58:07,366
Alaa was so upset with him,

1193
00:58:07,466 --> 00:58:09,488
and she had choices to make

1194
00:58:09,588 --> 00:58:11,971
because she had a travel ban

1195
00:58:12,071 --> 00:58:14,134
placed on her.

1196
00:58:14,234 --> 00:58:15,895
And it was impossible
to reconcile

1197
00:58:15,995 --> 00:58:18,699
because there was
no way out of this.

1198
00:58:18,799 --> 00:58:21,061
As long as she
was married to him,

1199
00:58:21,161 --> 00:58:23,224
there was no other option.

1200
00:58:23,324 --> 00:58:25,546
[jet engines whooshing]

1201
00:58:25,646 --> 00:58:29,070
The thing that I hope
that Alaa knows

1202
00:58:29,170 --> 00:58:32,154
is how much he loved her

1203
00:58:32,254 --> 00:58:34,656
and regretted the end
of their marriage.

1204
00:58:36,258 --> 00:58:39,762
[Wright] Jamal and I
were talking on the phone,

1205
00:58:39,862 --> 00:58:41,524
and he was very lonely.

1206
00:58:41,624 --> 00:58:45,368
You could see
that he was-he was...

1207
00:58:45,468 --> 00:58:48,732
he had made a huge sacrifice
in his personal life.

1208
00:58:48,832 --> 00:58:51,775
[Khashoggi] Unfortunately,
many think the people

1209
00:58:51,875 --> 00:58:53,778
of the Arab world
are not ready yet

1210
00:58:53,878 --> 00:58:57,582
for that luxury of choosing
their own leader,

1211
00:58:57,682 --> 00:58:59,744
and that's what we are
lacking until today.

1212
00:58:59,844 --> 00:59:01,266
[Wright] Can I just jump in,
one thing?

1213
00:59:01,366 --> 00:59:04,229
We shouldn't pass too quickly
over some of these reforms

1214
00:59:04,329 --> 00:59:07,273
being very important to
the future of that country...

1215
00:59:07,373 --> 00:59:08,874
But it was surprising to me

1216
00:59:08,974 --> 00:59:11,277
that we had
such different takes

1217
00:59:11,377 --> 00:59:13,079
on Mohammed bin Salman.

1218
00:59:13,179 --> 00:59:14,961
I saw him as a reformer.

1219
00:59:15,061 --> 00:59:17,204
[Bartiromo] Let me introduce
the vision

1220
00:59:17,304 --> 00:59:19,526
behind something
of a revolution.

1221
00:59:19,626 --> 00:59:22,089
Please welcome to the stage,
ladies and gentlemen,

1222
00:59:22,189 --> 00:59:23,971
His Royal Highness

1223
00:59:24,071 --> 00:59:26,093
Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

1224
00:59:26,193 --> 00:59:27,535
[applause]

1225
00:59:27,635 --> 00:59:29,938
[Rhodes] I found it to be
utterly bizarre

1226
00:59:30,038 --> 00:59:32,380
that at a time when this guy

1227
00:59:32,480 --> 00:59:34,743
is clearly cracking down
on dissent,

1228
00:59:34,843 --> 00:59:37,026
is, you know,
involved in this kind of

1229
00:59:37,126 --> 00:59:40,109
rash war in Yemen
that is killing people

1230
00:59:40,209 --> 00:59:41,951
and precipitating famine,

1231
00:59:42,051 --> 00:59:44,594
that he's getting great press
in the United States.

1232
00:59:44,694 --> 00:59:46,636
[man] Begin with Saudi Aramco,
a strong public debut

1233
00:59:46,736 --> 00:59:50,080
after raising a record
25.6 billion in the IPO.

1234
00:59:50,180 --> 00:59:51,922
[Rhodes] But of course,
the U.S. business community

1235
00:59:52,022 --> 00:59:54,765
was drooling over, you know,
an Aramco public offering

1236
00:59:54,865 --> 00:59:56,867
that could be worth
trillions of dollars.

1237
00:59:58,750 --> 01:00:01,613
Mohammed bin Salman
was vetted in Washington,

1238
01:00:01,713 --> 01:00:04,977
New York City,
Hollywood,

1239
01:00:05,077 --> 01:00:06,819
Silicon Valley.

1240
01:00:06,919 --> 01:00:09,982
Every major aspect

1241
01:00:10,082 --> 01:00:12,505
of American power

1242
01:00:12,605 --> 01:00:15,388
rolled out the red carpet
for this guy.

1243
01:00:15,488 --> 01:00:18,672
Mohammed bin Salman
is a trillionaire,

1244
01:00:18,772 --> 01:00:21,675
and that's
all these people saw.

1245
01:00:21,775 --> 01:00:23,717
Jamal Khashoggi's voice
was important,

1246
01:00:23,817 --> 01:00:25,519
because it was one of the only
dissenting voices.

1247
01:00:25,619 --> 01:00:27,001
I still see him
as a reformer,

1248
01:00:27,101 --> 01:00:30,165
but he is gathering
all power within his hand,

1249
01:00:30,265 --> 01:00:32,447
and it would be much better
for him

1250
01:00:32,547 --> 01:00:35,170
to allow a breathing space
for critic,

1251
01:00:35,270 --> 01:00:38,093
for Saudi intellectuals,
Saudi writers,

1252
01:00:38,193 --> 01:00:39,855
Saudi media to debate.

1253
01:00:39,955 --> 01:00:41,577
Uh, we've become
very good friends

1254
01:00:41,677 --> 01:00:44,300
over a fairly short
period of time,

1255
01:00:44,400 --> 01:00:47,584
and we are bringing back
hundreds of billions of dollars

1256
01:00:47,684 --> 01:00:48,985
into the United States...

1257
01:00:49,085 --> 01:00:51,668
[Wright] Trump recognized
a kinship.

1258
01:00:51,768 --> 01:00:52,990
They're rich
and entitled people.

1259
01:00:53,090 --> 01:00:54,872
They found common ground.

1260
01:00:54,972 --> 01:00:59,117
And the kingdom saw him
as a benefactor,

1261
01:00:59,217 --> 01:01:01,079
a kind of stooge
they could use.

1262
01:01:01,179 --> 01:01:02,921
...million dollars,
that's peanuts for you.

1263
01:01:03,021 --> 01:01:04,523
[chuckles]

1264
01:01:04,623 --> 01:01:05,724
Thank you, Mr. President.

1265
01:01:05,824 --> 01:01:07,566
[Wright] And so
Mohammed bin Salman

1266
01:01:07,666 --> 01:01:09,368
became Trump's man,

1267
01:01:09,468 --> 01:01:11,670
Trump's man
in the Middle East.

1268
01:01:13,593 --> 01:01:16,636
[jet engine whooshing]

1269
01:01:22,683 --> 01:01:25,746
[brass horns blaring]

1270
01:01:25,846 --> 01:01:28,069
♪♪♪♪♪

1271
01:01:28,169 --> 01:01:30,592
[Rhodes] Trump's first
trip as president

1272
01:01:30,692 --> 01:01:33,435
is to Saudi Arabia,
which is totally bizarre.

1273
01:01:33,535 --> 01:01:34,916
I mean, uh,
every U.S. president

1274
01:01:35,016 --> 01:01:37,079
goes to Canada or Mexico.

1275
01:01:37,179 --> 01:01:39,361
To go to Saudi Arabia
on your first trip...

1276
01:01:39,461 --> 01:01:41,884
[chuckles]
...this-this is insane.

1277
01:01:41,984 --> 01:01:47,110
♪♪♪♪♪

1278
01:01:47,590 --> 01:01:49,693
And when I saw
that famous picture

1279
01:01:49,793 --> 01:01:52,616
of Trump and Sisi
and King Salman

1280
01:01:52,716 --> 01:01:54,258
with, like, the orb,
I mean, it...

1281
01:01:54,358 --> 01:01:55,419
♪ dramatic music ♪

1282
01:01:55,519 --> 01:01:57,501
...that said it all.

1283
01:01:57,601 --> 01:01:59,664
You know,
Egypt's General Sisi

1284
01:01:59,764 --> 01:02:01,306
is a brutal dictator,

1285
01:02:01,406 --> 01:02:03,308
and King Salman killed

1286
01:02:03,408 --> 01:02:05,110
the promise
of the Arab Spring.

1287
01:02:05,210 --> 01:02:07,312
So clearly,
Trump was for sale.

1288
01:02:07,412 --> 01:02:09,875
I mean, the Saudi ambassadors
are going around here

1289
01:02:09,975 --> 01:02:11,277
telling everybody
that they've got

1290
01:02:11,377 --> 01:02:13,119
Jared and Ivanka
in their pocket.

1291
01:02:13,219 --> 01:02:15,621
- [men] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]

1292
01:02:17,143 --> 01:02:19,085
[Rhodes] Whatever MBS's
wish list was,

1293
01:02:19,185 --> 01:02:21,388
Trump was saying yes to.

1294
01:02:23,710 --> 01:02:26,133
So it was pretty clear
that there's

1295
01:02:26,233 --> 01:02:27,975
going to come
a point of reckoning.

1296
01:02:28,075 --> 01:02:30,899
♪ tense music ♪

1297
01:02:30,999 --> 01:02:33,401
♪♪♪♪♪

1298
01:02:34,282 --> 01:02:37,566
[Anas] speaking Arabic

1299
01:02:48,138 --> 01:02:50,200
[woman] The massive purge
of princes

1300
01:02:50,300 --> 01:02:52,683
and one of the world's
best-known billionaires

1301
01:02:52,783 --> 01:02:55,005
all arrested by a man
who would be a king,

1302
01:02:55,105 --> 01:02:57,208
a man emboldened
by President Trump.

1303
01:02:57,308 --> 01:02:59,650
[Wright] On November 4, 2017,

1304
01:02:59,750 --> 01:03:03,014
these raids took place
all over Saudi Arabia.

1305
01:03:03,114 --> 01:03:06,037
[people yelling]

1306
01:03:08,080 --> 01:03:10,262
Many of the most prominent
businessmen,

1307
01:03:10,362 --> 01:03:13,626
intellectuals were rounded up,
hundreds of them,

1308
01:03:13,726 --> 01:03:17,070
and put in the Ritz-Carlton
in Riyadh.

1309
01:03:17,170 --> 01:03:20,474
♪♪♪♪♪

1310
01:03:20,574 --> 01:03:22,556
And they were held for weeks,

1311
01:03:22,656 --> 01:03:25,839
interrogated, tortured.

1312
01:03:25,939 --> 01:03:27,401
Many of them
were hospitalized.

1313
01:03:27,501 --> 01:03:29,684
One guy, his neck was broken.

1314
01:03:29,784 --> 01:03:32,527
His body was covered
with electrical burns.

1315
01:03:32,627 --> 01:03:34,209
He was a general.

1316
01:03:34,309 --> 01:03:38,093
They were shaken down
by Mohammed bin Salman's man,

1317
01:03:38,193 --> 01:03:40,175
Saud al-Qahtani.

1318
01:03:40,275 --> 01:03:41,657
That was a coup.

1319
01:03:41,757 --> 01:03:45,221
♪♪♪♪♪

1320
01:03:45,321 --> 01:03:48,104
[Soufan] Saudi Arabia
had different factions

1321
01:03:48,204 --> 01:03:49,346
inside the royal family.

1322
01:03:49,446 --> 01:03:52,229
Each one of these factions
have connections

1323
01:03:52,329 --> 01:03:55,072
to economic elite,
to business elite.

1324
01:03:55,172 --> 01:03:57,595
You have
the religious establishment.

1325
01:03:57,695 --> 01:03:59,357
But Mohammed bin Salman
decided

1326
01:03:59,457 --> 01:04:00,999
that there's only one faction

1327
01:04:01,099 --> 01:04:02,640
in the house of Saud,
and it's him.

1328
01:04:02,740 --> 01:04:07,826
♪♪♪♪♪

1329
01:04:11,951 --> 01:04:15,254
[Salem] The ripple effect
from Al-Waleed

1330
01:04:15,354 --> 01:04:17,857
being arrested was tremendous.

1331
01:04:17,957 --> 01:04:20,580
Stock prices moved.

1332
01:04:20,680 --> 01:04:22,663
It was seismic.

1333
01:04:22,763 --> 01:04:26,146
Prince Al-Waleed
is an important investor,

1334
01:04:26,246 --> 01:04:29,790
the most well-known member
of the royal family

1335
01:04:29,890 --> 01:04:31,953
outside the kingdom,

1336
01:04:32,053 --> 01:04:34,936
very firmly within
the center of power.

1337
01:04:35,937 --> 01:04:39,842
[Wright] Prince Al-Waleed
had been Jamal's patron.

1338
01:04:39,942 --> 01:04:43,946
And suddenly, you see on TV
that he is powerless.

1339
01:04:45,187 --> 01:04:46,689
This is my Diet Pepsi.

1340
01:04:46,789 --> 01:04:48,731
[Wright] He is praising
his kidnapper

1341
01:04:48,831 --> 01:04:50,053
and telling everybody

1342
01:04:50,153 --> 01:04:51,495
that he's been treated
very well.

1343
01:04:51,595 --> 01:04:52,936
And all these rumors
really upset me.

1344
01:04:53,036 --> 01:04:54,298
- [woman] Okay.
- I mean, because now,

1345
01:04:54,398 --> 01:04:55,299
they-they went so far.

1346
01:04:55,399 --> 01:04:56,380
All lies.

1347
01:04:56,480 --> 01:04:57,661
You know, I've been always, uh,

1348
01:04:57,761 --> 01:04:59,904
all the time here,
at this hotel,

1349
01:05:00,004 --> 01:05:02,046
and, um,
everything has been fine.

1350
01:05:04,128 --> 01:05:06,511
[Wright] When I talked
to Jamal last,

1351
01:05:06,611 --> 01:05:08,874
he said he got out
just in time.

1352
01:05:08,974 --> 01:05:12,638
He would no doubt have been
in the Ritz-Carlton,

1353
01:05:12,738 --> 01:05:16,082
maybe in far worse
circumstances.

1354
01:05:16,182 --> 01:05:19,105
♪♪♪♪♪

1355
01:05:21,508 --> 01:05:24,591
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1356
01:05:45,254 --> 01:05:48,518
♪♪♪♪♪

1357
01:05:48,618 --> 01:05:51,281
[El-Atr] Jamal was very sad.

1358
01:05:51,381 --> 01:05:53,443
He lost hope.

1359
01:05:53,543 --> 01:05:55,045
I said, "No, take it easy.

1360
01:05:55,145 --> 01:05:55,886
You're free now.

1361
01:05:55,986 --> 01:05:57,488
You can express your opinion.

1362
01:05:57,588 --> 01:05:58,889
You have a freedom,

1363
01:05:58,989 --> 01:06:00,371
because not to say
your opinion

1364
01:06:00,471 --> 01:06:02,533
about what's happening,
that will kill you."

1365
01:06:02,633 --> 01:06:05,737
♪ somber music ♪

1366
01:06:05,837 --> 01:06:08,941
I know Jamal for ten years.

1367
01:06:09,041 --> 01:06:12,665
And we become
closer and closer.

1368
01:06:12,765 --> 01:06:15,348
I have a habit
to wake him up every day

1369
01:06:15,448 --> 01:06:17,590
seven o'clock in the morning
because he was lonely.

1370
01:06:17,690 --> 01:06:18,831
He was isolated.

1371
01:06:18,931 --> 01:06:22,035
♪♪♪♪♪

1372
01:06:22,135 --> 01:06:24,558
This went for a while

1373
01:06:24,658 --> 01:06:28,402
until the middle of 2017,

1374
01:06:28,502 --> 01:06:29,844
he sent to me a message.

1375
01:06:29,944 --> 01:06:31,446
He said, "Hanan,
come and stay with me.

1376
01:06:31,546 --> 01:06:33,248
Come, and they won't see you."

1377
01:06:33,348 --> 01:06:37,572
♪♪♪♪♪

1378
01:06:37,672 --> 01:06:39,895
I was very happy.

1379
01:06:39,995 --> 01:06:41,497
He's the man I wished,

1380
01:06:41,597 --> 01:06:43,979
but I didn't have a courage
to express it before

1381
01:06:44,079 --> 01:06:46,342
because he was married.

1382
01:06:46,442 --> 01:06:48,544
First time I managed
to come and see him,

1383
01:06:48,644 --> 01:06:52,108
it was to celebrate
his birthday in March.

1384
01:06:52,208 --> 01:06:56,273
Well, it was his half-birthday
party in March,

1385
01:06:56,373 --> 01:06:58,476
and he was dating

1386
01:06:58,576 --> 01:07:00,478
a really wonderful woman.

1387
01:07:00,578 --> 01:07:03,341
It was always fun
to have Jamal happy.

1388
01:07:04,342 --> 01:07:06,524
[El-Atr]
When we got married,

1389
01:07:06,624 --> 01:07:09,328
it was the most beautiful
day in my life,

1390
01:07:09,428 --> 01:07:11,170
and I will never forget.

1391
01:07:11,270 --> 01:07:13,452
♪♪♪♪♪

1392
01:07:13,552 --> 01:07:15,454
I think I'm in a dream.

1393
01:07:15,554 --> 01:07:18,137
♪♪♪♪♪

1394
01:07:18,237 --> 01:07:22,622
But he was very loyal
to the Kingdom of Saudi,

1395
01:07:22,722 --> 01:07:26,627
so he was feeling very bad
because he lost his hope.

1396
01:07:26,727 --> 01:07:29,230
♪♪♪♪♪

1397
01:07:29,330 --> 01:07:32,053
He decide he have
to express himself.

1398
01:07:37,659 --> 01:07:40,162
[Soltan] Fall of 2017,

1399
01:07:40,262 --> 01:07:42,745
Jamal was in
self-imposed exile.

1400
01:07:43,786 --> 01:07:45,007
We met,

1401
01:07:45,107 --> 01:07:46,689
and he gave me
the biggest bear hug.

1402
01:07:46,789 --> 01:07:49,612
It was really, really warm,
and then he started crying.

1403
01:07:49,712 --> 01:07:52,696
He said, "I left my country.

1404
01:07:52,796 --> 01:07:56,380
I left my family behind
for freedom,

1405
01:07:56,480 --> 01:07:58,462
just to be free.

1406
01:07:58,562 --> 01:08:02,386
And no one knows what that
feels like more than you."

1407
01:08:02,486 --> 01:08:03,948
♪ ♪

1408
01:08:04,048 --> 01:08:05,710
I learned later

1409
01:08:05,810 --> 01:08:07,512
that his first
Washington Post article

1410
01:08:07,612 --> 01:08:10,095
was published that hour.

1411
01:08:11,136 --> 01:08:13,198
[Faris as Khashoggi]
"Saudi Arabia wasn't always

1412
01:08:13,298 --> 01:08:16,722
this repressive,"
by Jamal Khashoggi.

1413
01:08:16,822 --> 01:08:19,005
♪ dramatic music ♪

1414
01:08:19,105 --> 01:08:21,488
We spend endless hours
on the phone

1415
01:08:21,588 --> 01:08:25,132
trying to understand
the wave of arrests.

1416
01:08:25,232 --> 01:08:29,176
Are we going to be the core
of the Saudi diaspora?

1417
01:08:29,276 --> 01:08:32,980
Al-Hayat canceled my column.

1418
01:08:33,080 --> 01:08:36,064
The government
banned me from Twitter.

1419
01:08:36,164 --> 01:08:38,386
I spent six months silent,

1420
01:08:38,486 --> 01:08:41,410
reflecting on
the stark choices before me.

1421
01:08:43,051 --> 01:08:47,316
Years ago, when several
friends were arrested,

1422
01:08:47,416 --> 01:08:49,419
I said nothing.

1423
01:08:50,179 --> 01:08:53,163
I have made
a different choice now.

1424
01:08:53,263 --> 01:08:55,045
I have left my home,

1425
01:08:55,145 --> 01:08:58,929
my family, and my job,

1426
01:08:59,029 --> 01:09:02,573
and I am raising my voice.

1427
01:09:02,673 --> 01:09:07,839
♪♪♪♪♪

1428
01:09:28,222 --> 01:09:30,284
[Obaid]
He wrote that first piece.

1429
01:09:30,384 --> 01:09:32,967
Next day,
his ex-wife calls me,

1430
01:09:33,067 --> 01:09:34,569
says, "Look what he just did."

1431
01:09:34,669 --> 01:09:36,331
Which, I was like, "But, Jamal,
we just talked.

1432
01:09:36,431 --> 01:09:38,533
What's going on?"

1433
01:09:38,633 --> 01:09:41,316
Clearly, something
had gone very wrong.

1434
01:09:42,998 --> 01:09:44,820
He had kept this very secret.

1435
01:09:44,920 --> 01:09:46,942
That shocked a lot of us,

1436
01:09:47,042 --> 01:09:49,025
and when it came
to Saudi Arabia,

1437
01:09:49,125 --> 01:09:52,148
I always believed
that his loyalty was strong

1438
01:09:52,248 --> 01:09:56,273
to his country
and to his king.

1439
01:09:56,373 --> 01:09:58,956
I felt that
I had been betrayed.

1440
01:09:59,056 --> 01:10:01,378
♪♪♪♪♪

1441
01:10:05,423 --> 01:10:08,246
[Bishara] Jamal expressed
his opinion

1442
01:10:08,346 --> 01:10:11,410
from Washington,
the seat of power,

1443
01:10:11,510 --> 01:10:14,413
writing in the voice
of empire,

1444
01:10:14,513 --> 01:10:16,015
The Washington Post.

1445
01:10:16,115 --> 01:10:18,798
That could not be tolerated.

1446
01:10:19,879 --> 01:10:22,021
[Obaid] He started writing
this, saying these things,

1447
01:10:22,121 --> 01:10:23,984
and then
all these weird people

1448
01:10:24,084 --> 01:10:25,545
started getting to know him.

1449
01:10:25,645 --> 01:10:29,229
You know, uh, started to,
you know, hang around with him,

1450
01:10:29,329 --> 01:10:31,192
tweet things about him.

1451
01:10:31,292 --> 01:10:33,554
It became very bizarre.

1452
01:10:33,654 --> 01:10:36,558
[dark music]

1453
01:10:36,658 --> 01:10:39,281
♪♪♪♪♪

1454
01:10:39,381 --> 01:10:42,244
[Maloney] Mr. Khashoggi
was publishing articles

1455
01:10:42,344 --> 01:10:44,687
that were critical
of the Saudi regime,

1456
01:10:44,787 --> 01:10:48,210
and so we called him
to request a meeting.

1457
01:10:48,310 --> 01:10:51,134
Jamal Khashoggi
knew a lot of information

1458
01:10:51,234 --> 01:10:54,297
about al-Qaeda
and Saudi support for al-Qaeda.

1459
01:10:54,397 --> 01:10:57,060
So we wanted to talk to him.

1460
01:10:57,160 --> 01:10:59,103
The meeting
with our investigator

1461
01:10:59,203 --> 01:11:01,065
was the morning
of October 26th

1462
01:11:01,165 --> 01:11:03,227
in the Virginia area.

1463
01:11:03,327 --> 01:11:06,511
This was
a preliminary meeting.

1464
01:11:06,611 --> 01:11:08,994
It became clear
that Mr. Khashoggi

1465
01:11:09,094 --> 01:11:11,556
had a lot to say.

1466
01:11:11,656 --> 01:11:14,199
[Wright] The morning
that he's going to meet

1467
01:11:14,299 --> 01:11:17,403
with the investigator,
he gets a call from his son

1468
01:11:17,503 --> 01:11:20,566
in Saudi Arabia saying
that their travel permits

1469
01:11:20,666 --> 01:11:23,209
had been taken away.

1470
01:11:23,309 --> 01:11:24,771
So essentially,
the Saudi authorities

1471
01:11:24,871 --> 01:11:28,415
know that he's meeting
with this investigator,

1472
01:11:28,515 --> 01:11:32,860
and his children
are being held hostage.

1473
01:11:32,960 --> 01:11:34,782
[Maloney] The first thing
Mr. Khashoggi indicated

1474
01:11:34,882 --> 01:11:37,145
was the recent news
about his son's

1475
01:11:37,245 --> 01:11:40,208
inability to travel,
which upset him.

1476
01:11:42,250 --> 01:11:44,113
I used to be
a federal prosecutor,

1477
01:11:44,213 --> 01:11:47,436
and we had informants
that elected to testify

1478
01:11:47,536 --> 01:11:50,600
against their coconspirators.

1479
01:11:50,700 --> 01:11:53,163
If Jamal Khashoggi
had been an insider,

1480
01:11:53,263 --> 01:11:54,965
and he was,
and had information

1481
01:11:55,065 --> 01:11:56,606
that could be helpful to us

1482
01:11:56,706 --> 01:11:59,610
and was willing to meet
with us and discuss it,

1483
01:11:59,710 --> 01:12:02,693
that is a serious threat
to the Saudi government.

1484
01:12:02,793 --> 01:12:06,097
The question is,
to what extent

1485
01:12:06,197 --> 01:12:08,940
was the Saudi government
and the royal family

1486
01:12:09,040 --> 01:12:10,942
entangled with al-Qaeda?

1487
01:12:11,042 --> 01:12:12,424
Well, they were.

1488
01:12:12,524 --> 01:12:15,147
Going back before al-Qaeda,

1489
01:12:15,247 --> 01:12:17,189
they were funding
the mujahideen,

1490
01:12:17,289 --> 01:12:19,472
and King Salman
was the principal bundler

1491
01:12:19,572 --> 01:12:22,075
of all these contributions
to the mujahideen

1492
01:12:22,175 --> 01:12:24,397
and then later to al-Qaeda.

1493
01:12:24,497 --> 01:12:26,740
- [men chanting]
- [drums beating]

1494
01:12:28,061 --> 01:12:29,603
Jamal would have known
about that.

1495
01:12:29,703 --> 01:12:31,765
Jamal worked
with Prince Turki,

1496
01:12:31,865 --> 01:12:35,009
who had been the head
of intelligence,

1497
01:12:35,109 --> 01:12:36,931
and he facilitated
these meetings

1498
01:12:37,031 --> 01:12:39,734
with bin Laden in Afghanistan.

1499
01:12:39,834 --> 01:12:43,018
And who knows
what bin Laden told him?

1500
01:12:43,118 --> 01:12:45,581
I mean, is there a person
in the whole world

1501
01:12:45,681 --> 01:12:47,783
that knows more
about this relationship

1502
01:12:47,883 --> 01:12:48,944
than Jamal Khashoggi?

1503
01:12:49,044 --> 01:12:49,906
I don't think so.

1504
01:12:50,006 --> 01:12:52,749
[chuckling]

1505
01:12:52,849 --> 01:12:54,751
[Maloney] The Saudis claimed
that they enjoyed immunity

1506
01:12:54,851 --> 01:12:57,114
even if all our allegations
were true.

1507
01:12:57,214 --> 01:13:01,118
They hired lobbyists
in Washington,

1508
01:13:01,218 --> 01:13:05,563
and Saud al-Qahtani's name
appears on some of the forms.

1509
01:13:05,663 --> 01:13:07,685
His official title
had something to do

1510
01:13:07,785 --> 01:13:09,688
with media
and public relations,

1511
01:13:09,788 --> 01:13:11,009
but the easiest way
to describe him

1512
01:13:11,109 --> 01:13:13,111
is-is MBS's henchman.

1513
01:13:14,433 --> 01:13:16,415
Qahtani, on behalf
of the crown prince,

1514
01:13:16,515 --> 01:13:18,497
hired the lobbyists

1515
01:13:18,597 --> 01:13:21,120
specifically
to kill this lawsuit.

1516
01:13:23,643 --> 01:13:26,306
Jamal Khashoggi agreed
to a follow-up meeting.

1517
01:13:26,406 --> 01:13:29,409
He agreed to come to our
office here in New York.

1518
01:13:30,931 --> 01:13:34,595
What he would say and what he
would be willing to disclose,

1519
01:13:34,695 --> 01:13:37,038
we'll never know.

1520
01:13:37,138 --> 01:13:40,221
♪ tense music ♪

1521
01:13:45,027 --> 01:13:47,630
[brakes squealing]

1522
01:13:51,153 --> 01:13:54,277
[messages chirping]

1523
01:14:04,849 --> 01:14:08,713
[Salem] Saud al-Qahtani
unleashed hell on Jamal--

1524
01:14:08,813 --> 01:14:11,716
the trolls, the bots,
whatever they are,

1525
01:14:11,816 --> 01:14:16,321
the turning of friends
and former colleagues--

1526
01:14:16,421 --> 01:14:17,883
all of that.

1527
01:14:17,983 --> 01:14:19,966
He was threatened
and intimidated all the time.

1528
01:14:20,066 --> 01:14:22,288
Of course it was orchestrated.

1529
01:14:22,388 --> 01:14:24,510
And Jamal knew that.

1530
01:14:27,113 --> 01:14:30,497
[Soltan]
It was November of 2017.

1531
01:14:30,597 --> 01:14:32,299
We were on our way
to grab dinner,

1532
01:14:32,399 --> 01:14:35,543
and he says, "Guess what.

1533
01:14:35,643 --> 01:14:38,386
Saud al-Qahtani
sent me a DM on Twitter.

1534
01:14:38,486 --> 01:14:40,909
Yeah, he wants to talk."

1535
01:14:41,009 --> 01:14:44,793
And you can hear the fear
in his voice.

1536
01:14:44,893 --> 01:14:48,557
He answers the call,
puts it on speaker.

1537
01:14:48,657 --> 01:14:50,920
Saud al-Qahtani starts off,

1538
01:14:51,020 --> 01:14:55,125
says, "I am calling on behalf
of His Royal Highness

1539
01:14:55,225 --> 01:14:57,367
Mohammed bin Salman.

1540
01:14:57,467 --> 01:15:00,330
He's watching.
He follows your work."

1541
01:15:00,430 --> 01:15:02,693
So Jamal, he says,

1542
01:15:02,793 --> 01:15:05,336
"Please send
my warmest regards

1543
01:15:05,436 --> 01:15:07,138
to His Royal Highness

1544
01:15:07,238 --> 01:15:09,060
and convey to him

1545
01:15:09,160 --> 01:15:12,504
that when there are
positive reforms happening,

1546
01:15:12,604 --> 01:15:16,148
we will most definitely
welcome them.

1547
01:15:16,248 --> 01:15:20,453
When there are transgressions,
we will be critical."

1548
01:15:21,854 --> 01:15:23,997
This was a moment
that I realized

1549
01:15:24,097 --> 01:15:27,360
this is a noble man;
this is a courageous man.

1550
01:15:27,460 --> 01:15:29,683
This man was very serious

1551
01:15:29,783 --> 01:15:32,126
about the evolution
that he was making.

1552
01:15:32,226 --> 01:15:34,388
[birds chirping]

1553
01:15:38,793 --> 01:15:40,695
[El-Atr] If you hear
Jamal was faithful

1554
01:15:40,795 --> 01:15:43,578
to the Kingdom of Saudi,
this is the truth.

1555
01:15:43,678 --> 01:15:45,681
He used to defend them.

1556
01:15:47,603 --> 01:15:51,307
But he think his duty
is to advise,

1557
01:15:51,407 --> 01:15:52,708
to say his opinion

1558
01:15:52,808 --> 01:15:54,931
before things lead
to a bad stage.

1559
01:15:56,813 --> 01:15:59,476
[Soltan] Jamal had asked me
to be on the lookout,

1560
01:15:59,576 --> 01:16:02,399
kind of play matchmaker.
[chuckles]

1561
01:16:02,499 --> 01:16:04,321
And I tried; I tried
connecting him to someone.

1562
01:16:04,421 --> 01:16:09,007
♪♪♪♪♪

1563
01:16:09,107 --> 01:16:10,568
He was very, very lonely.

1564
01:16:10,668 --> 01:16:13,251
He had just
gotten a divorce.

1565
01:16:13,351 --> 01:16:16,575
I didn't know about Hanan.

1566
01:16:16,675 --> 01:16:17,896
[El-Atr]
After we got married,

1567
01:16:17,996 --> 01:16:21,701
Jamal want to spend
as much time together.

1568
01:16:21,801 --> 01:16:23,863
He doesn't want anyone
to take him away from me,

1569
01:16:23,963 --> 01:16:26,386
and that's why
we don't even like

1570
01:16:26,486 --> 01:16:27,988
to go and spend long time out.

1571
01:16:28,088 --> 01:16:31,071
We want to be just together
away from people.

1572
01:16:31,171 --> 01:16:33,714
♪♪♪♪♪

1573
01:16:33,814 --> 01:16:35,636
[Soltan] If you interview
anybody that tells you

1574
01:16:35,736 --> 01:16:38,079
that they know every aspect
of Jamal's life,

1575
01:16:38,179 --> 01:16:41,443
they are 100% lying to you.

1576
01:16:41,543 --> 01:16:44,566
Jamal chose what information

1577
01:16:44,666 --> 01:16:47,549
he shared with each person.

1578
01:16:50,272 --> 01:16:52,455
This will be broadcasted
in a few days,

1579
01:16:52,555 --> 01:16:54,737
not, uh, right away, right?

1580
01:16:54,837 --> 01:16:56,019
[woman] It'll be, um--

1581
01:16:56,119 --> 01:16:58,542
It'll go on air, uh,
Tuesday night, actually,

1582
01:16:58,642 --> 01:17:01,945
the night that, um,
MBS is in Washington.

1583
01:17:02,045 --> 01:17:03,707
- All right.
- It will be after...

1584
01:17:03,807 --> 01:17:07,111
after MBS has met, uh, Trump.

1585
01:17:07,211 --> 01:17:09,033
All right.

1586
01:17:09,133 --> 01:17:11,476
[Soltan] He knew
what the stakes were,

1587
01:17:11,576 --> 01:17:15,000
and knowing
all of those stakes

1588
01:17:15,100 --> 01:17:19,925
and then still deciding
to go ahead

1589
01:17:20,025 --> 01:17:22,288
and speak freely

1590
01:17:22,388 --> 01:17:23,930
was very courageous of him.

1591
01:17:24,030 --> 01:17:26,453
[woman] And why did you
self-exile?

1592
01:17:26,553 --> 01:17:29,976
I just felt, uh,
whatever narrow space I had

1593
01:17:30,076 --> 01:17:32,739
was getting narrower,
and I just thought

1594
01:17:32,839 --> 01:17:35,142
it was better for me to leave.

1595
01:17:35,242 --> 01:17:39,427
And, uh, actually,
right after I left, uh,

1596
01:17:39,527 --> 01:17:41,109
arrests began to happen.

1597
01:17:41,209 --> 01:17:45,113
Many of my acquaintances,
friends, colleagues

1598
01:17:45,213 --> 01:17:48,477
were rounded up, and, uh-uh,

1599
01:17:48,577 --> 01:17:50,840
I-I always regret
being away from home,

1600
01:17:50,940 --> 01:17:54,844
but when, uh-uh, I see
what happened to them,

1601
01:17:54,944 --> 01:17:58,768
I-I think I did
the right choice, uh,

1602
01:17:58,868 --> 01:18:03,013
even though it is very hurtful
to be away from home.

1603
01:18:03,113 --> 01:18:05,216
[Soltan] My way
of consoling him was,

1604
01:18:05,316 --> 01:18:06,497
"Don't worry.

1605
01:18:06,597 --> 01:18:07,979
There's a lot of people
like you.

1606
01:18:08,079 --> 01:18:12,864
There's an entire community
of folks in exile.

1607
01:18:12,964 --> 01:18:15,747
And so you'll find comfort
in that community."

1608
01:18:15,847 --> 01:18:18,030
♪ uneasy music ♪

1609
01:18:18,130 --> 01:18:20,192
But he didn't find
that community

1610
01:18:20,292 --> 01:18:22,515
out here in Washington.

1611
01:18:22,615 --> 01:18:27,660
♪♪♪♪♪

1612
01:18:38,192 --> 01:18:41,035
[Karman] speaking Arabic

1613
01:19:25,004 --> 01:19:28,828
[Faris as Khashoggi]
June 5, 2018,

1614
01:19:28,928 --> 01:19:31,471
in this age of error,

1615
01:19:31,571 --> 01:19:35,436
an Arab intellectual
rushes to praise the prisons,

1616
01:19:35,536 --> 01:19:39,680
to write against the Spring.

1617
01:19:39,780 --> 01:19:42,363
Another burns
the last of his history

1618
01:19:42,463 --> 01:19:44,606
and his forbidden books.

1619
01:19:44,706 --> 01:19:47,289
He says,
"We are not ready

1620
01:19:47,389 --> 01:19:49,391
for democracy and freedom."

1621
01:19:51,193 --> 01:19:55,418
It anguishes me to speak
with other Saudi friends

1622
01:19:55,518 --> 01:19:59,482
in Istanbul
who are also in self-exile.

1623
01:20:00,483 --> 01:20:04,067
I expect that I will
still wake up every morning

1624
01:20:04,167 --> 01:20:06,510
and ponder the choice
I have made

1625
01:20:06,610 --> 01:20:09,834
to speak my mind.

1626
01:20:09,934 --> 01:20:12,917
We are being asked
to abandon any hope

1627
01:20:13,017 --> 01:20:15,820
of political freedoms.

1628
01:20:17,382 --> 01:20:21,667
This is a Faustian bargain
that I will not make.

1629
01:20:23,349 --> 01:20:26,653
We are the kingdom of silence
no longer.

1630
01:20:26,753 --> 01:20:31,137
[somber music]

1631
01:20:31,237 --> 01:20:34,101
♪♪♪♪♪

1632
01:20:34,201 --> 01:20:37,064
[El-Atr] Jamal in this time,
he was in Istanbul.

1633
01:20:37,164 --> 01:20:40,188
Istanbul, it's very open city

1634
01:20:40,288 --> 01:20:42,750
for different
Arabic background,

1635
01:20:42,850 --> 01:20:44,793
and there is a lot
of activity there.

1636
01:20:44,893 --> 01:20:47,736
He always go,
and he have friends there.

1637
01:20:50,459 --> 01:20:53,963
[Soltan] I called him
when he was in Istanbul,

1638
01:20:54,063 --> 01:20:56,285
and he said, "By the way,
I might be doing

1639
01:20:56,385 --> 01:20:59,489
three weeks in Istanbul,
three weeks in D.C."

1640
01:20:59,589 --> 01:21:02,252
So then I was like, "Oh, it
looks like you found someone."

1641
01:21:02,352 --> 01:21:04,374
And then he was like,
"Yeah, I did.

1642
01:21:04,474 --> 01:21:05,816
I really like her.

1643
01:21:05,916 --> 01:21:07,418
We're gonna get married soon.

1644
01:21:07,518 --> 01:21:09,500
I'll tell you all about it
when I get back."

1645
01:21:09,600 --> 01:21:12,023
♪ somber music ♪

1646
01:21:12,123 --> 01:21:15,086
[Salem] I didn't know
about Hatice.

1647
01:21:17,369 --> 01:21:19,371
I knew about Hanan.

1648
01:21:20,252 --> 01:21:23,355
But I-I didn't know
they had gotten married.

1649
01:21:23,455 --> 01:21:25,398
So I'll say this.

1650
01:21:25,498 --> 01:21:29,442
I think if you understand
the loneliness of that man

1651
01:21:29,542 --> 01:21:32,325
in that last year...

1652
01:21:32,425 --> 01:21:37,511
♪♪♪♪♪

1653
01:21:38,152 --> 01:21:40,975
...I think things
that you can judge

1654
01:21:41,075 --> 01:21:44,078
so easily from outside...

1655
01:21:46,681 --> 01:21:49,144
...become a bit more nuanced.

1656
01:21:49,244 --> 01:21:54,129
♪♪♪♪♪

1657
01:21:57,653 --> 01:22:00,116
[El-Atr] Last call
between me and Jamal,

1658
01:22:00,216 --> 01:22:03,080
he called to wish me
happy birthday.

1659
01:22:03,180 --> 01:22:05,242
My birthday is 30 September,

1660
01:22:05,342 --> 01:22:07,705
which is two days
before he disappear.

1661
01:22:09,907 --> 01:22:12,770
[Salem] He messaged
from Istanbul.

1662
01:22:12,870 --> 01:22:17,375
He said to me, "What if I just
go away to a desert island

1663
01:22:17,475 --> 01:22:21,200
for a couple weeks,
couple years?"

1664
01:22:22,361 --> 01:22:25,024
You know, he would-he would
come to me and say things like

1665
01:22:25,124 --> 01:22:29,789
he was doubting his resolve,
and he knew how I would react.

1666
01:22:29,889 --> 01:22:33,233
You know, a slap to the head.

1667
01:22:33,333 --> 01:22:34,675
"Jamal."

1668
01:22:34,775 --> 01:22:36,517
I remember saying these words,

1669
01:22:36,617 --> 01:22:38,519
'cause they will
forever haunt me.

1670
01:22:38,619 --> 01:22:42,363
I said, "You are in a war,

1671
01:22:42,463 --> 01:22:44,966
and you can't give up.

1672
01:22:45,066 --> 01:22:47,489
You can't disappear."

1673
01:22:47,589 --> 01:22:50,412
Those are the last words

1674
01:22:50,512 --> 01:22:51,894
I said to him,

1675
01:22:51,994 --> 01:22:54,537
and I had no idea

1676
01:22:54,637 --> 01:22:56,939
what I was even talking about.

1677
01:22:57,039 --> 01:23:00,703
♪♪♪♪♪

1678
01:23:00,803 --> 01:23:04,187
So on the 28th of September,

1679
01:23:04,287 --> 01:23:08,112
uh, Jamal Khashoggi
and his fiancée, Hatice,

1680
01:23:08,212 --> 01:23:10,675
go to the consulate to get

1681
01:23:10,775 --> 01:23:15,039
an administrative piece
of paper for their marriage.

1682
01:23:15,139 --> 01:23:17,202
They tell him to come back

1683
01:23:17,302 --> 01:23:19,604
on the second of October
and that on that day,

1684
01:23:19,704 --> 01:23:21,687
they'll have the document
that he needs.

1685
01:23:21,787 --> 01:23:24,210
♪♪♪♪♪

1686
01:23:24,310 --> 01:23:28,054
So the Turkish authorities
had somehow bugged

1687
01:23:28,154 --> 01:23:30,256
the Saudi consulate,

1688
01:23:30,356 --> 01:23:34,221
and almost immediately,
there are phone calls

1689
01:23:34,321 --> 01:23:37,304
between the consulate
in Istanbul

1690
01:23:37,404 --> 01:23:39,507
and, uh, Riyadh.

1691
01:23:39,607 --> 01:23:42,390
And in the first call,

1692
01:23:42,490 --> 01:23:44,472
it's a security attaché

1693
01:23:44,572 --> 01:23:48,296
who speaks to an intelligence
officer, Mutreb.

1694
01:23:50,138 --> 01:23:53,322
Mutreb explained
that Mr. Jamal Khashoggi

1695
01:23:53,422 --> 01:23:56,766
is indeed someone
that is being "sought"

1696
01:23:56,866 --> 01:23:58,087
and that they should proceed

1697
01:23:58,187 --> 01:24:00,530
with some kind
of, uh-of mission.

1698
01:24:00,630 --> 01:24:03,453
♪ suspenseful music ♪

1699
01:24:03,553 --> 01:24:08,479
♪♪♪♪♪

1700
01:24:11,602 --> 01:24:13,544
This special operation

1701
01:24:13,644 --> 01:24:17,108
involved 15 people.

1702
01:24:17,208 --> 01:24:19,871
Saud al-Qahtani
met the team

1703
01:24:19,971 --> 01:24:23,275
before they left for Turkey

1704
01:24:23,375 --> 01:24:26,759
on the Saudi government's
private plane.

1705
01:24:26,859 --> 01:24:29,362
♪♪♪♪♪

1706
01:24:29,462 --> 01:24:34,127
And Mutreb
was leading the team,

1707
01:24:34,227 --> 01:24:37,531
and like every other member
of the kill team,

1708
01:24:37,631 --> 01:24:41,175
he's a member
of the Saudi intelligence.

1709
01:24:41,275 --> 01:24:43,017
Mutreb in particular

1710
01:24:43,117 --> 01:24:45,099
had accompanied
the crown price

1711
01:24:45,199 --> 01:24:47,983
on some of this missions,

1712
01:24:48,083 --> 01:24:50,946
and he was someone
who worked closely

1713
01:24:51,046 --> 01:24:53,389
with Saud al-Qahtani.

1714
01:24:53,489 --> 01:24:58,374
♪♪♪♪♪

1715
01:25:00,016 --> 01:25:02,439
[Obaid] Yes, it was Maher.

1716
01:25:02,539 --> 01:25:06,323
Maher was a, uh...
was an intelligence officer

1717
01:25:06,423 --> 01:25:07,805
that worked
at the Saudi embassy

1718
01:25:07,905 --> 01:25:09,326
in, uh, London at that time.

1719
01:25:09,426 --> 01:25:11,489
He was there
when we were there,

1720
01:25:11,589 --> 01:25:13,811
and, uh, I introduced them
at one of our

1721
01:25:13,911 --> 01:25:16,454
afternoon teas together.

1722
01:25:16,554 --> 01:25:18,536
We were colleagues
more than anything,

1723
01:25:18,636 --> 01:25:21,440
you know, and from time
to time, Maher would join us.

1724
01:25:22,961 --> 01:25:24,103
To be fair,
he was a nice guy.

1725
01:25:24,203 --> 01:25:29,288
♪♪♪♪♪

1726
01:25:42,103 --> 01:25:46,347
[Callamard] Jamal Khashoggi
enters the consulate at 1:14.

1727
01:25:47,228 --> 01:25:51,593
He is directed to the office
of the consul.

1728
01:25:52,514 --> 01:25:57,399
♪♪♪♪♪

1729
01:25:59,802 --> 01:26:04,427
He enters and finds
many people in that room,

1730
01:26:04,527 --> 01:26:07,190
and so you can hear surprise

1731
01:26:07,290 --> 01:26:09,473
because Mutreb

1732
01:26:09,573 --> 01:26:12,156
and Jamal Khashoggi
knew each other.

1733
01:26:12,256 --> 01:26:16,241
So when Jamal entered
the consul office

1734
01:26:16,341 --> 01:26:20,325
and saw Mutreb,
he did express some surprise,

1735
01:26:20,425 --> 01:26:25,291
but he welcomes Mutreb
in fairly warm terms.

1736
01:26:25,391 --> 01:26:28,414
The conversation
turns very quickly.

1737
01:26:28,514 --> 01:26:32,098
Mutreb is saying, "Don't
make it difficult for us."

1738
01:26:32,198 --> 01:26:35,061
And you can hear the fear

1739
01:26:35,161 --> 01:26:37,684
in the voice
of Jamal Khashoggi.

1740
01:26:39,847 --> 01:26:42,690
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1741
01:27:00,830 --> 01:27:03,693
♪ tense music ♪

1742
01:27:03,793 --> 01:27:07,197
♪♪♪♪♪

1743
01:27:25,177 --> 01:27:30,223
♪♪♪♪♪

1744
01:27:37,591 --> 01:27:39,893
[Callamard] The doctor himself
explained to Mutreb

1745
01:27:39,993 --> 01:27:44,739
that it will be easy
to dismember the body.

1746
01:27:44,839 --> 01:27:48,183
Joints will be separated.
It should not be a problem.

1747
01:27:48,283 --> 01:27:51,086
[saw whirring,
plastic crinkling]

1748
01:27:54,810 --> 01:27:57,673
[whirring slows, stops]

1749
01:27:57,773 --> 01:27:59,155
At 3 p.m.,

1750
01:27:59,255 --> 01:28:01,317
CCTV captured people

1751
01:28:01,417 --> 01:28:03,680
leaving the consulate
with plastic bags

1752
01:28:03,780 --> 01:28:06,523
with the remain
of Mr. Khashoggi.

1753
01:28:06,623 --> 01:28:09,366
The body parts
were carried out

1754
01:28:09,466 --> 01:28:12,690
in several bags
and handed over

1755
01:28:12,790 --> 01:28:15,853
to other individuals
who carried them

1756
01:28:15,953 --> 01:28:17,175
into the car.

1757
01:28:17,275 --> 01:28:21,299
And at 3:50,
those same camera

1758
01:28:21,399 --> 01:28:23,542
record a member
of the kill team

1759
01:28:23,642 --> 01:28:26,906
leaving the consulate
accompanied by someone else.

1760
01:28:27,006 --> 01:28:30,790
This man puts on
Jamal Khashoggi's clothes,

1761
01:28:30,890 --> 01:28:32,151
puts a fake beard.

1762
01:28:32,251 --> 01:28:34,314
Could not put on the shoes.

1763
01:28:34,414 --> 01:28:36,396
They didn't fit.

1764
01:28:36,496 --> 01:28:40,601
And it was the shoes
that prompted

1765
01:28:40,701 --> 01:28:43,164
the intelligence, uh, services

1766
01:28:43,264 --> 01:28:45,086
when they reviewed
all the CCTV

1767
01:28:45,186 --> 01:28:47,188
to say that's not Jamal.

1768
01:28:50,271 --> 01:28:53,735
But this is meant to pretend

1769
01:28:53,835 --> 01:28:57,459
that Khashoggi
left the consulate,

1770
01:28:57,559 --> 01:28:59,261
and we do not know

1771
01:28:59,361 --> 01:29:03,206
where Jamal remains are.

1772
01:29:06,489 --> 01:29:10,173
speaking Arabic

1773
01:29:22,747 --> 01:29:25,811
♪ suspenseful music ♪

1774
01:29:25,911 --> 01:29:30,456
♪♪♪♪♪

1775
01:29:30,556 --> 01:29:34,100
[all] chanting in Arabic

1776
01:29:34,200 --> 01:29:37,284
♪♪♪♪♪

1777
01:29:43,611 --> 01:29:46,213
[all] chanting in Arabic

1778
01:30:02,912 --> 01:30:04,974
[Brennan] Knowing what I know
about Saudi Arabia,

1779
01:30:05,074 --> 01:30:07,617
there is no way
that that horrific act

1780
01:30:07,717 --> 01:30:10,861
was carried out
without the blessing

1781
01:30:10,961 --> 01:30:14,145
and direction from the very top
of the Saudi government.

1782
01:30:14,245 --> 01:30:15,666
There's just no way.

1783
01:30:15,766 --> 01:30:17,188
[man] Senators
from both sides of the aisle

1784
01:30:17,288 --> 01:30:20,071
are receiving the CIA briefing
they have been demanding.

1785
01:30:20,171 --> 01:30:23,355
There's not a smoking gun.
There's a smoking saw.

1786
01:30:23,455 --> 01:30:25,197
You have to be willfully blind

1787
01:30:25,297 --> 01:30:26,919
not to come
to the conclusion

1788
01:30:27,019 --> 01:30:29,522
that this was orchestrated
and organized

1789
01:30:29,622 --> 01:30:33,927
by people in-under
the command of MBS.

1790
01:30:34,027 --> 01:30:35,568
[woman] Mr. President,
why are you siding

1791
01:30:35,668 --> 01:30:38,171
with the Saudis over your own
intelligence community?

1792
01:30:38,271 --> 01:30:40,093
Because
it's America first to me.

1793
01:30:40,193 --> 01:30:41,855
It's all about America first.

1794
01:30:41,955 --> 01:30:44,538
We're not gonna give up
hundreds of billions of dollars

1795
01:30:44,638 --> 01:30:47,101
in orders
and let Russia, China,

1796
01:30:47,201 --> 01:30:48,543
and everybody else have them.

1797
01:30:48,643 --> 01:30:50,345
It's all about, for me,
very simple,

1798
01:30:50,445 --> 01:30:51,426
it's America first.

1799
01:30:51,526 --> 01:30:55,450
♪♪♪♪♪

1800
01:30:57,412 --> 01:30:59,355
[Rhodes]
Saudi Arabia can't exist

1801
01:30:59,455 --> 01:31:00,836
without the United States.

1802
01:31:00,936 --> 01:31:04,561
Their security guarantor
for decades

1803
01:31:04,661 --> 01:31:06,783
has been the United States.

1804
01:31:07,864 --> 01:31:10,007
The U.S. was in some way
responsible

1805
01:31:10,107 --> 01:31:11,528
for this man's death,

1806
01:31:11,628 --> 01:31:13,170
because the sense of impunity

1807
01:31:13,270 --> 01:31:15,052
we give Mohammed bin Salman

1808
01:31:15,152 --> 01:31:17,094
with this red carpet
treatment that he got

1809
01:31:17,194 --> 01:31:18,456
and the embrace from Trump

1810
01:31:18,556 --> 01:31:20,058
and nobody
really pushing back,

1811
01:31:20,158 --> 01:31:22,220
I think he thought he could
get away with anything,

1812
01:31:22,320 --> 01:31:23,902
and he was right.

1813
01:31:24,002 --> 01:31:26,265
And it's just
disgusting to see him

1814
01:31:26,365 --> 01:31:29,388
kind of grinning and
shaking hands with this guy

1815
01:31:29,488 --> 01:31:31,911
who just chopped up
another human being.

1816
01:31:32,011 --> 01:31:36,956
♪♪♪♪♪

1817
01:31:37,056 --> 01:31:39,980
[camera shutters clicking]

1818
01:31:53,915 --> 01:31:56,218
[Bass]
Good afternoon, everyone.

1819
01:31:56,318 --> 01:31:57,619
This hearing
for the Subcommittee

1820
01:31:57,719 --> 01:32:00,102
on Africa, Global Health,
Global Human Rights,

1821
01:32:00,202 --> 01:32:03,226
and International Organizations
will come to order.

1822
01:32:03,326 --> 01:32:04,467
I note that a quorum
is present.

1823
01:32:04,567 --> 01:32:06,069
[gavel bangs]

1824
01:32:06,169 --> 01:32:08,752
[Rundell] We have both
political and economic reasons

1825
01:32:08,852 --> 01:32:11,395
to maintain a relationship
with Saudi Arabia.

1826
01:32:11,495 --> 01:32:13,837
Saudi Arabia
is a strategic ally,

1827
01:32:13,937 --> 01:32:17,121
and I do think that outweighs
the death of one person.

1828
01:32:17,221 --> 01:32:18,803
Yes, it does.

1829
01:32:18,903 --> 01:32:20,885
So there's
a paid political commercial

1830
01:32:20,985 --> 01:32:23,808
for Mohammed bin Salman,
but, uh, you know,

1831
01:32:23,908 --> 01:32:26,251
I-I believe that,
so any event, there you go.

1832
01:32:26,351 --> 01:32:28,353
I thought that needed
to be said.

1833
01:32:28,954 --> 01:32:30,956
[Bass] Ms. Cengiz.

1834
01:32:33,679 --> 01:32:35,762
[Hatice sighs]

1835
01:32:36,402 --> 01:32:39,566
speaking Arabic

1836
01:33:05,795 --> 01:33:09,019
♪ somber music ♪

1837
01:33:09,119 --> 01:33:11,942
[sobbing]

1838
01:33:12,042 --> 01:33:14,765
Oh, Jamal.

1839
01:33:15,806 --> 01:33:18,890
[indistinct chatter]

1840
01:33:21,773 --> 01:33:24,456
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1841
01:33:39,352 --> 01:33:43,337
♪♪♪♪♪

1842
01:33:43,437 --> 01:33:47,381
[Salem] The best justice
for him is a young person

1843
01:33:47,481 --> 01:33:49,303
reading his writing,

1844
01:33:49,403 --> 01:33:51,105
knowing about him...

1845
01:33:51,205 --> 01:33:54,029
♪♪♪♪♪

1846
01:33:54,129 --> 01:33:57,793
...being sure that those
that want him to be forgotten,

1847
01:33:57,893 --> 01:33:59,995
that they will not win.

1848
01:34:00,095 --> 01:34:04,981
♪♪♪♪♪

1849
01:34:07,463 --> 01:34:11,508
Well, you know,
Jamal was a friend and, uh...

1850
01:34:13,871 --> 01:34:15,933
...America and the kingdom

1851
01:34:16,033 --> 01:34:19,136
have a toxic relationship,

1852
01:34:19,236 --> 01:34:22,100
and it poisons not only
our own societies,

1853
01:34:22,200 --> 01:34:24,823
but it's spread
all over the world.

1854
01:34:24,923 --> 01:34:27,105
The chaos, the wars--

1855
01:34:27,205 --> 01:34:29,748
America's had
a big hand in that.

1856
01:34:29,848 --> 01:34:31,590
And Jamal's been
in the middle of that

1857
01:34:31,690 --> 01:34:33,833
from his earliest days.

1858
01:34:33,933 --> 01:34:37,657
He embodied, in some ways,
that relationship.

1859
01:34:38,538 --> 01:34:40,280
But this contradiction

1860
01:34:40,380 --> 01:34:44,805
became so nakedly obvious,
you had to choose.

1861
01:34:44,905 --> 01:34:47,808
Which side are you on?

1862
01:34:47,908 --> 01:34:51,172
♪ dramatic music ♪

1863
01:34:51,272 --> 01:34:53,134
♪♪♪♪♪

1864
01:34:53,234 --> 01:34:55,457
[Faris as Khashoggi]
The revolution is over.

1865
01:34:55,557 --> 01:34:58,020
Its most important values--

1866
01:34:58,120 --> 01:35:01,664
freedom, dignity,
and the right to life--

1867
01:35:01,764 --> 01:35:04,787
have fallen by the wayside.

1868
01:35:04,887 --> 01:35:07,831
The majority is unmoved
by the sight of the dead

1869
01:35:07,931 --> 01:35:10,173
when they belong
to the other side.

1870
01:35:12,736 --> 01:35:14,998
Divisions have even emerged

1871
01:35:15,098 --> 01:35:19,043
between the detained,
the refugee, the cynic,

1872
01:35:19,143 --> 01:35:22,667
and the dead that were never
celebrated as martyrs.

1873
01:35:24,389 --> 01:35:27,252
I can imagine a young man
returning home,

1874
01:35:27,352 --> 01:35:29,615
exhausted and bloodied.

1875
01:35:29,715 --> 01:35:32,718
He weeps
for his dead brethren.

1876
01:35:34,160 --> 01:35:37,744
Before going to bed
after Thursday's dawn prayers,

1877
01:35:37,844 --> 01:35:40,787
the young man
murmurs to himself,

1878
01:35:40,887 --> 01:35:44,031
"The revolution
is not over yet."

1879
01:35:44,131 --> 01:35:47,314
The will of the people
is still the law.

1880
01:35:47,414 --> 01:35:50,158
A new generation
must take the lead

1881
01:35:50,258 --> 01:35:53,181
and look to the future,
not the past.

1882
01:35:55,583 --> 01:35:58,847
One of the most beautiful
things I have ever heard

1883
01:35:58,947 --> 01:36:02,291
is the call of the Prophet.

1884
01:36:02,391 --> 01:36:07,016
In the beginning,
it is a call to freedom.

1885
01:36:07,116 --> 01:36:11,301
That dream of freedom
is alive in us,

1886
01:36:11,401 --> 01:36:13,303
ready to emerge again

1887
01:36:13,403 --> 01:36:16,387
with the first sounds
of emancipation.

1888
01:36:16,487 --> 01:36:19,550
[somber, stirring music]

1889
01:36:19,650 --> 01:36:24,696
♪♪♪♪♪